Effects of heat sink structure on heat transfer performance cooled by semiconductor and nanofluids
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pISSN: 0256-1115 eISSN: 1975-7220
INVITED REVIEW PAPER
INVITED REVIEW PAPER
Effects of heat sink structure on heat transfer performance cooled by semiconductor and nanofluids Cong Qi*,**,†, Tiantian Chen*,**, Jianglin Tu*,**, and Yuxing Wang*,** *Jiangsu Province Engineering Laboratory of High Efficient Energy Storage Technology and Equipments, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China **School of Electrical and Power Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China (Received 28 March 2020 • Revised 13 June 2020 • Accepted 11 July 2020) AbstractOn account of the low heat dissipation problem of common cooling systems, an experimental system with enhanced structures was set to improve the heat transfer of heat sink cooled by semiconductor and TiO2-water nanofluids. The influences of structures (smooth surface, metal foam with PPI=30, cylindrical bulge (height: H=2 mm, staggered arrangement), cylindrical groove (depth: D'=2 mm, staggered arrangement)), nanoparticle mass fractions ( = 0.0-0.5 wt%), input power of the semiconductor (P=2 W, 4 W, 6 W), and Reynolds numbers (Re=414-1,119) on the flow and heat transfer properties of TiO2-water nanofluids were studied. The compositive thermal and hydraulic properties of the enhanced technologies were analyzed by thermal efficiency. Results indicated that the combination of semiconductor and metal foam shows the most excellent performance compared with other combinations and it can be enhanced by 48.1% at best. Nanofluids with =0.4 wt% display the best cooling capacity instead of the highest concentration. The cooling effect shows an increasing trend with the input power of the semiconductor. Keywords: Nanofluids, Heat Sink, Semiconductor, Thermal Efficiency
tion and mixing proportion of diverse nanofluids; meanwhile, particle concentration is also an advantageous factor to enhance the photothermal conversion efficiency of nanofluids. Xuan et al. [3,4] proposed that nanofluids offer a huge potential in heat transfer. Li et al. [5] revealed that Ag@TiO2 nanofluids have high photothermal conversion efficiency and have advantages in the application field of solar collectors. Hu et al. [6] showed that the concentration of silica nanofluids and particle size have a positive effect on heat transfer, which is conducive to the augment of the physical property of the heat storage media. Nanofluids, as the cooling media [7-9], are widely applied in the heat transfer field. Researchers have already investigated nanofluid performance from the angle of types [10,11], temperatures [12,13], physical properties [14-16], and thermal conductivity [17,18] in recent years. Impacts of diverse reinforced heat exchange tubes on the heat transfer were investigated, for instance, double-pipe [19], circular tube [20], horizontal tube [21], sinusoidal minitube [22], wavy microchannel [23]. Furthermore, many investigators conducted numerous researches on natural convection and turbulent convection. Shahsavar et al. [24] demonstrated that mixed na
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