Effects of light and salinity on carotenoid biosynthesis in Ulva prolifera
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Effects of light and salinity on carotenoid biosynthesis in Ulva prolifera Yuan He1, Yuantu Ye1, Songdong Shen1* 1 College of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
Received 22 November 2019; accepted 3 January 2020 © Chinese Society for Oceanography and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract
Ulva prolifera is a green alga that plays an important role in green tides. Carotenoid biosynthesis is a basic terpenoid metabolism that is very important for maintaining normal life activities in algae. In this study, we first reported the complete sequences of all genes in the 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway, which is the only carotenoid synthesis pathway in U. prolifera. Then, we compared these genes with those of other species. Additionally, by detecting the carotenoid contents and expression levels of key genes participating in carotenoid biosynthesis in U. prolifera under three different light (1 000 lx, 5 000 lx and 12 000 lx) and salinity (12, 24 and 40) regimes, we found that carotenoid synthesis could be influenced by light and salinity, such that low light and high salinity could promote the synthesis of carotenoids. The results showed that the expression levels of genes involved in the MEP and the downstream pathway could affect the biosynthesis of carotenoids at the molecular level. This study contributes to a better understanding of the roles of genes participating in carotenoid biosynthesis in U. prolifera and the environmental regulation of these genes. Key words: U. prolifera, carotenoid, MEP pathway, light, salinity Citation: He Yuan, Ye Yuantu, Shen Songdong. 2020. Effects of light and salinity on carotenoid biosynthesis in Ulva prolifera. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 39(10): 50–57, doi: 10.1007/s13131-020-1577-1
1 Introduction Ulva prolifera belongs to Chlorophyta, Ulvophyceae, Ulvales, Ulvaceae, Ulva (Gao et al., 2010) and is a bright green or pale green alga. The height of U. prolifera can reach 1–2 m, and the diameter can reach 2–3 mm. It has many branches, but the main branches are obvious and slender. In terms of its life history, U. prolifera exhibits asexual reproduction, sexual reproduction and vegetative reproduction (Lin et al., 2008; Zhang et al., 2011). In terms of its biological characteristics, U. prolifera can withstand various environmental stresses, such as salty, dry and high light conditions, and can survive in a wide range of temperatures (Xiao et al., 2016). The “green tide” disaster that has continuously erupted in the Yellow Sea waters of China throughout the past 10 years has brought considerable negative impacts on the ecological environment and economy of coastal areas (Zhao et al., 2018; Zhang et al., 2017). Studies of the basic metabolism of U. prolifera, such as lipid metabolism and terpenoid metabolism, are very important for determining its biological characteristics. Terpenoids are the most widely distributed natural compounds in nature and play an important role in plant growth, development,
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