Interaction between the green macroalga Ulva prolifera and three microalgae under unique various irradiances found in th
- PDF / 1,443,278 Bytes
- 12 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 45 Downloads / 180 Views
Interaction between the green macroalga Ulva prolifera and three microalgae under unique various irradiances found in the southern Yellow Sea, China Xue Yang 1 & Liju Tan 1,2 & Kun Lin 1 & Abdul Majid 1 & Jiangtao Wang 1 Received: 1 January 2020 / Revised and accepted: 25 May 2020 # Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract High turbidity and large concentration of nutrients in the seawater of Subei Shoal are considered to be the primary cause of the green tides in the southern Yellow Sea, China. Interaction between Ulva prolifera and three microalgal species (Skeletonema costatum, Prorocentrum donghaiense, and Nitzschia closterium) under different irradiance was studied. Combined with the field investigation of irradiance at various depths, the depth ranges at which U. prolifera and the three microalgal species can coexist were evaluated. Ulva prolifera is better adapted to a wide range of light intensity than the microalgae. Growth of the microalgae in co-culture was significantly inferior to that in pure culture, and ecophysiological differences were found between these three species. Competition for limited nutrients and allelopathic effects under the various irradiances was the main interaction mechanism for the growth strategy of U. prolifera and microalgae that supported their dominance in the high turbidity seawater of Subei Shoal. Keywords Ulva prolifera . Diatom . Dinoflagellate . Light intensity . Nutrients . Competition . Southern Yellow Sea
Introduction Large-scale blooms of green macroalgae, sometimes referred to as “green tides,” are a common marine ecological phenomenon in the coastal areas of the world caused by many taxa, such as Ulva, Chaetomorpha, and Cladophora, which break away from the anchoring base to form a floating proliferating population (Fletcher 1996; Hayden et al. 2003; Merceron et al. 2007; Nelson et al. 2008; Mendes and Vermelho 2013). Green tides often continue to break out in successive years in areas with a high degree of eutrophication (Smayda 1989; Shimada et al. 2003; Sun et al. 2008). Large-scale green tides happened along the coast of Brittany, France, in the early 1960s and
* Liju Tan [email protected] * Jiangtao Wang [email protected] 1
Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
2
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering College, Ocean University of China, No. 238 Songling Road, Qingdao 266100, People’s Republic Of China
1970s, and then occurred in many coastal areas such as the Baltic sea, as well as the coasts of Spain and China, and gradually became a worldwide marine ecological problem (Palomo et al. 2004; Smetacek and Zingone 2013). In the past decade, large-scale green tides mainly composed of Ulva prolifera in the Yellow Sea of China are regarded as the largest and the most influential green tides in the world (Ye et al. 2011; Zhou et al. 2015a). In the early stage of the bloom, competition between macroalgae and planktonic microalgae usually determined the dominant species. Moreover,
Data Loading...
