Effects of Modified Used Cooking Oil on Structure and Properties of Closed-Cell Polyurethane foams
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Effects of Modified Used Cooking Oil on Structure and Properties of Closed-Cell Polyurethane foams Maria Kurańska1 · Milena Leszczyńska2 · Joanna Kubacka1 · Aleksander Prociak1 · Joanna Ryszkowska2
© The Author(s) 2020
Abstract The aim of this work is to evaluate the influence of bio-polyol synthesized from used cooking oil on selected properties of rigid polyurethane foams. Application of bio-polyol allows utilization of used cooking oil in the preparation of polyurethane foams according to circular economy. In our work, bio-polyurethane foams were obtained by replacing 20, 60 and 100% of petrochemical polyol with bio-polyol from waste oil. It was observed that the introduction of the bio-polyol caused an increase in the reactivity of the polyurethane system during the foaming process, which was also confirmed by dielectric polarization changes. A complete replacement of petrochemical polyol with the bio-polyol caused cell opening in the foams. A replacement of 20 wt% of petrochemical polyol with the bio-polyol allowed preparation of polyurethane foams with improved thermal insulating properties. The introduction of 20% of the bio-polyol resulted in an increase of the compressive strength in a parallel direction compared to the reference material. The dimensional stability of bio-foams was very high since none of the dimensions differed by more than 0.5% upon treatment with an elevated temperature (70 °C). Keywords Polyurethane · Foams · Cellular structure · Bio-polyols · Thermal insulation · Circular economy
Introduction In recent years, the use of polyurethane (PUR) materials has been attracting increasing attention, especially in such industry branches as: construction, refrigeration, automotive, aviation, mining and medicine [1–5]. In 2017, almost 17 million tons of PUR were produced and it is estimated that in 2021 the consumption of PUR will exceed 21 Mt. The interest in PUR is a result of their versatile properties that can be tailored by rational selection of substrates, fillers and processing methods, which leads to obtaining solids, porous materials, adhesives, fibers, varnishes and coatings [6, 7]. The highest share in the PUR materials market is related to PUR foams, which are divided into flexible, semi-rigid and rigid. Rigid foams are mainly used to fill empty spaces in building constructions, doors and window frames, for the * Maria Kurańska [email protected] 1
Department of Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31‑155 Kraków, Poland
Faculty of Materials Science, Warsaw University of Technology, Wołoska 141, 02‑507 Warszawa, Poland
2
production of insulating construction panels, the insulation of pipelines, cold stores, tanks, for the reinforcement of floor and ceiling constructions as well as for heat and sound insulation systems [7, 8]. Rigid foams with a closed-cell structure are mainly used as insulation materials due to the low thermal conductivity coefficient (lower than that of foamed polystyrene or mineral
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