Synthesis of Biobased Polyurethane Foams From Agricultural and Forestry Wastes
Polyurethanes (PUs) are widely used for many engineering applications due to their diversified properties caused by different components and additives. Polyurethane (PU) foams, as one of the most important PU materials, are widely used in automotive parts
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Synthesis of Biobased Polyurethane Foams From Agricultural and Forestry Wastes Hongwei Li, Zhongshun Yuan, Yongsheng Zhang, Chun Chang, and Chunbao (Charles) Xu
Abstract Polyurethanes (PUs) are widely used for many engineering applications due to their diversified properties caused by different components and additives. Polyurethane (PU) foams, as one of the most important PU materials, are widely used in automotive parts, bedding, cushion, flotation, insulation materials and packaging. However, the PU industry relies heavily on petroleum-derived chemicals because the PU synthesis involves two major component materials (i.e. polyols and isocyanates) currently both derived from non-renewable petroleum resources. Today, the growing bioeconomy has intensified the interest of the PU industry in the development of biobased PU (BPU) foams using biopolyols (also known as bio- oils) derived from agricultural and forestry residues. This chapter aims to summarize the recent conversion technologies of forestry and agricultural residues into biopolyols, and the methods for the preparation of BPU foams by using biopolyols derived from the bio-resources. Keywords Bio-oils · Biopolyols · Bio-resources · Conversion technologies
H. Li · Z. Yuan Institute for Chemicals and Fuels from Alternative Resources (ICFAR), Western University, London, ON, Canada Y. Zhang · C. Chang Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists, School of Chemical Engineering and Energy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR, People’s Republic of China C. Xu (*) Institute for Chemicals and Fuels from Alternative Resources (ICFAR), Western University, London, ON, Canada Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists, School of Chemical Engineering and Energy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR, People’s Republic of China e-mail: [email protected] © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 T. J. Gutiérrez (ed.), Reactive and Functional Polymers Volume One, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43403-8_7
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7.1 Introduction Polyurethane (PU) is one of the most important polymers with various industrial applications, predominantly as PU foams with different flexible properties for bedding, cushion, flotation, furniture, packaging, insulation and structural materials (Ge et al. 2000; Petrovic 2008). The process of preparing PU foams involves mixing isocyanates and polyols (commonly polyester and polyether polyols) with other additives (such as filler and pigment), chemical or physical blowing agent and catalysts (Xu et al. 2014). However, these commercial chemicals, including polyols, depend mainly on petroleum and generate a great diversity of toxic substances during the production process (Araque et al. 2018; Mali 2018; Pachori et al. 2019). Due to concerns about the depletion of fossil resources and the desires to create an ecologically friendly environment, the development of biobased polyols from renewable resources would be an irresistible trend for the PU materials industry. Lignocellulosic biomass is commonly obtained from agriculture an
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