Effects of Polyol-Based Plasticizer Types and Concentration on the Properties of Polyvinyl Alcohol and Casein Blend Film
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Effects of Polyol‑Based Plasticizer Types and Concentration on the Properties of Polyvinyl Alcohol and Casein Blend Films Bedriye Ucpinar Durmaz1 · Ayse Aytac1,2
© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract This study aimed to examine the structural, mechanical, thermal and barrier properties of the polyvinyl alcohol/casein (PVA/ CA) films plasticized with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and sorbitol (SOR). The films were prepared by solution casting technique at different loading levels of plasticizers (10-15-20-25%). The mechanical results indicated that PEG and SOR effectively plasticize the PVA/CA film while SOR efficiency was higher than PEG. The addition of plasticizers decreased the tensile strength while the increased elongation at break value of PVA/CA film. The maximum tensile strength was observed in 10% PEG addition as 37.5 MPa. On the other hand, maximum elongation at break value was observed in 15% SOR at 369% that was higher than the un-plasticized film about 58%. The water contact angle measurements showed that all films were hydrophilic structures (32–75°). Also, the water vapour permeability of the un-plasticized film was measured as 6.4 g m−1 s−1 Pa−1 × 10–11. This value decreased with the addition of PEG (5.5 g m−1 s−1 Pa−1 × 10–11) while increasing SOR addition (12.2 g m−1 s−1 Pa−1 × 10–11). The thermal degradation temperature of un-plasticized PVA/CA film was decreased with plasticization. The residual weight of un-plasticized PVA/CA was 12.5 wt. %, which decreased at 4.5 wt. % for PEG-25 and 4.8 wt. % for SOR-20 films. Also, the melting temperature of the films decreased by increasing the content of plasticizers. Melting temperatures of SOR containing films were lower than PEG containing the films. Consequently, un-plasticized and plasticized PVA/CA-based films successfully prepared and analyzed to determine the appropriate plasticizer. All prepared films exhibited acceptable properties for use as food packaging or biobased materials. Keywords Polyvinyl alcohol · Casein · Plasticization · Poly(ethylene glycol) · Sorbitol
Introduction Plastics are often found in many areas of our lives. According to The Plastic Europe 2019 report, 359 million tons of plastic products were produced in 2018 and approximately 44% of these was used in the packaging and agricultural (like mulch films) applications [1]. Only 1% of these produced 359 million tons of plastic are bioplastic [2]. With the increasing need for plastic materials, it is trying to replace biodegradable plastics instead of synthetic plastics that accumulate for a long time in the environment. Thus, this market is growing and diversifying with the increasing demand for * Ayse Aytac [email protected] 1
Department of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Kocaeli University, 41380 Kocaeli, Turkey
Polymer Science and Technology Programme, Kocaeli University, 41380 Kocaeli, Turkey
2
bioplastics. Global bioplastic production, which was 2.11 million tons in 2019, is expected to increase
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