Modified Starches on the Properties of Extruded Biodegradable Materials of Starch and Polyvinyl Alcohol
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Modified Starches on the Properties of Extruded Biodegradable Materials of Starch and Polyvinyl Alcohol Juliano Zanela1,2 · Ana Paula Bilck1 · Mônica Oliveira Reis1 · Maria Victória Eiras Grossmann1 · Fabio Yamashita1
© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract This work aimed to study the effect of modified cassava starches, and PVA grade on the properties of biodegradables sheets produce with starch/PVA blends by an extrusion-calendering process; using native starch, distarch phosphate, acetylated distarch phosphate, acetylated distarch adipate or oxidized starch; PVA with 88% and 98% hydrolysis degrees (HD), and glycerol as a plasticizer. The sheets had tensile strength, Young’s modulus, and elongation that ranged from 1.0 to 6.8 MPa; 3.2 to 16.2 MPa and 130 to 443%, respectively. Sheets produced with higher HD PVA had better mechanical properties, independent of starch type. Materials produced with all starch types presented similar response for the same PVA, except those with oxidized starch, that had the poorer mechanical properties. All the sheets were visually homogeneous and had good processability. Sheets produced with higher HD PVA (98%) had better mechanical properties and higher crystallinity than those produced with lower HD PVA (88%) because the higher the HD, the higher the number of hydroxyl groups, which leads to a better interaction with the starch. The biodegradable sheets can be produced on an industrial scale because they have adequate mechanical properties and use well-known industrial techniques. Keywords Biodegradable polymers · Mechanical properties · Extrusion
Introduction A significant amount of plastic used nowadays by the packaging industry has increased the interest to replace conventional non-biodegradable plastics by fully biodegradable materials, reducing the negative impact on the environment caused by the wastes of conventional plastics resins [1, 2]. There are several biodegradable synthetic polymers available in the market with different properties, and that can be used for replacement of conventional plastics resins, but they are costly compared to conventional plastics. The price of conventional plastic resins ranges from 0.8 to 1.50 €/kg, while the biodegradable ones from 2 to 5 €/kg, depending on the type of resin, local, and purchased volumes [3]. An * Juliano Zanela [email protected] 1
Department of Food Science and Technology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, P.O. Box 6001, Rod. Celso Garcia Cid (PR 445), Km 380, Londrina, PR 86051‑990, Brazil
Universidade Tecnológica Federal Do Paraná, Campus Dois Vizinhos, Estrada para Boa Esperança, Km 04, Dois Vizinhos, PR 85660‑000, Brazil
2
alternative for reducing biodegradable materials production costs is the use of renewable and low-cost biodegradable biopolymers available commercially like starch. The starch has been studied to produce biodegradable materials like extruded blown films of acetylated corn starch [4], maize, potato, and wheat starch [5], ca
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