Effects of potassium and zinc on physiology and chlorophyll fluorescence of two cultivars of canola grown under salinity
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Effects of potassium and zinc on physiology and chlorophyll fluorescence of two cultivars of canola grown under salinity stress Nader Khadem Moghadam 1 & Babak Motesharezadeh 2 & Reza Maali-Amiri 3 & Behnam Asgari Lajayer 4 & Tess Astatkie 5 Received: 12 October 2019 / Accepted: 29 July 2020 # Saudi Society for Geosciences 2020
Abstract Salinity stress is one of the major limiting factors for agricultural production in the arid and semiarid regions. To understand salinity tolerance of canola, an experiment was conducted to determine the effects of fertilizer (optimum nutrient, 500 mg kg−1 K, 2.4 mg kg−1 Zn, and 500 + 2.4 mg kg−1 K+Zn) and cultivar (Licord and Sarigol) on physiological attributes, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (Fvi, Fv/Fm ratio, and area), and the concentrations of Ca, Mg, and K/Na in the root and in the shoot. The statistical analysis revealed that 500 mg kg−1 K gives significantly higher Fv/ Fm ratio and area, but significantly lower Ca in the roots and shoots of both cultivars. Regardless of the fertilizer, Sarigol gave higher Fv/Fm ratio. However, 2.4 mg kg−1 Zn gave the highest Fvi in Licord, but the lowest Fvi in Sarigol. In both cultivars, Ca in the root and in the shoot was significantly lower in 500 mg kg−1 K fertilizer. Optimum nutrient fertilizer applied to Sarigol cultivar gave the highest Mg in the root and in the shoot. K/Na values in the 8 combinations of fertilizer and cultivar were similar in the roots, but more variable in the shoots suggesting nutrient uptake differentials among the cultivars and the fertilizers. All in all, Sarigol cultivar and 500 mg kg−1 K fertilizer performed better. Furthermore, Fvi and Fv/Fm parameters were demonstrated to be low cost, simple, and efficient techniques for monitoring the effect of soil salinity stress on the physiology and chlorophyll fluorescence of canola cultivars. Keywords Fertilizer . Licord . Oxidative . Photosystem . Sarigol
Introduction Salinity stress is one of the environmental limiting factors for agricultural production in the arid and semiarid regions of the world (Sudhir and Murthy 2004; Ashraf and Ali 2008;
Responsible Editor: Haroun Chenchoun * Tess Astatkie [email protected] 1
Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
2
Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
3
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
4
Health and Environment Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
5
Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada
Hasanuzzaman et al. 2013; Khadem-Moghadam et al. 2016; Helaly et al. 2018); and for this reason, arable lands lose their fertility partially or entirely. High concentration of salt leads to ionic imbalance and hyperosmotic in plants (Jamil et al. 2005) and causes oxidative stress (Omidi et al. 2009; Bybordi 2010; Ahmad et al. 2012; Farouk a
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