Role of Proline and Potassium in Adaptation to Salinity in Different Types of Halophytes
This review considers the specific mechanisms of salinity adaptation in different salt-tolerant plant species. The differences among salt tolerance mechanisms are primarily associated with the organization of long-distance ion transport, including limitat
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Contents 1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2 Proline Biosynthesis and Catabolism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3 Regulation of Proline Biosynthesis and Catabolism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 4 Proline Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 5 Proline and Potassium in Halophytes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 6 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Abstract
This review considers the specific mechanisms of salinity adaptation in different salt-tolerant plant species. The differences among salt tolerance mechanisms are primarily associated with the organization of long-distance ion transport, including limitation of Na+ and Cl inflow to aboveground organs, their accumulation in vacuoles, or their excretion back to the environment (by salt glands on the leaf surface), maintaining a high K+/Na+ ratio in the cytoplasm and additional synthesis of organic osmolytes. The review provides the current data on the role of proline, one of the most common organic osmolytes, in salinity adaptation in different plant species. Proline biosynthesis and catabolism regulation, as well as its multiple functions in plant cells, were described under normal and stress conditions. The changes in contents of proline and K+ were analyzed in different types of halophytes, including salt-tolerant glycophytes, succulent euhalophytes, xerohalophytes, and recretohalophytes. Proline response to osmotic and ionic components of salinity, as well as its participation in fundamentally different adaptation mechanisms, was considered in different types of halophytes. The E. V. Shuyskaya (*) · Z. F. Rakhmankulova K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia K. N. Toderich International Platform for Dryland Research and Education (IPDRE), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 M. N. Grigore (ed.), Handbook of Halophytes, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17854-3_75-1
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E. V. Shuyskaya et al.
possibility of the mutual participation of proline and K+ in the formation of specific mechanisms of salinity adaptation in different types of halophytes was discussed. Keywords
Proline · K+ · Halophytes · Salinity stress · Drylands
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Introduction
Proline is a requi
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