Effects of sintering temperature on structural, infrared, magnetic and electrical properties of Cd 0.5 Zn 0.5 FeCrO 4 fe
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Effects of sintering temperature on structural, infrared, magnetic and electrical properties of Cd0.5Zn0.5FeCrO4 ferrites prepared by sol–gel route Fakher Hcini1,2 · Sobhi Hcini1 · Bandar Alzahrani3 · Sadok Zemni1 · Mohamed Lamjed Bouazizi3 Received: 3 April 2020 / Accepted: 21 July 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In this work, an attempt is made to study the effects of sintering temperature on the structural, infrared, magnetic and electrical properties of Cd0.5Zn0.5FeCrO4 ferrites. Samples were prepared by sol–gel route and sintered at 900 and 1100 °C. The structural characterization of the synthesized powders by X-ray powder diffraction showed that only single phase with cubic spinel structure existed. Estimated values of unit cell parameter and average grains size show an increase with sintering temperature. The intensities of absorption bands, spontaneous magnetization, electrical conductivity, and dielectric constants were found to increase with increasing sintering temperature. The non-overlapping small polaron tunneling (NSPT) model dominates the conduction process for the studied samples which present a relaxation phenomenon with non-Debye nature. Close activation energies values were found from analyzes of relaxation time and dc-conductivity indicating that the relaxation and the conduction processes may be attributed to the same type of charge carriers. The equivalent electrical circuit (Rg+ Rgb//CPEgb) was used for modeling the Nyquist data.
1 Introduction Magnetic iron-based materials such as the spinel ferrites family MFe2O4 (where M is a divalent transition metal ion) have attracted rising interest in the last decades with a diversified range of applications in technology and industry. This great attention is related to their different characteristics such as excellent chemical stability, low dielectric and magnetic losses, high electrical resistivity, high magnetic permeability, and low costs [1, 2]. As a result ferrites enter in many technologies such as in electromagnetic microwave absorption applications [3–6], information storage [7], magnetic * Fakher Hcini [email protected] * Mohamed Lamjed Bouazizi [email protected] 1
Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Materials, Physics Department, Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, Monastir University, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
2
Research unit of valorization and optimization of exploitation of resources, Faculty of Science and Technology of Sidi Bouzid, Kairouan University, 9100 Sidi Bouzid, Tunisia
3
College of Engineering, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 655, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
recording media [8], sensors [9], medical applications [10], and magnetic cooling technology [11]. There are many methods used for spinel ferrites synthesis, among which the sol–gel method [12, 13]. Comparing with traditional methods, the sol–gel route is a simple and economical chemical technique, producing materials in large quantities with reasonable control of chemical co
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