Magnetic properties of Fe-doped Zn-TiO 2 rutile nanoparticles
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Magnetic properties of Fe-doped Zn-TiO2 rutile nanoparticles I. A. Al-Omari1, *, S. H. Al-Harthi1, M. J. Al-Saadi1, K. Melghit2 1
Department of Physics, Box 36, Sultan Qaboos University, PC 123, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman 2 Department of Chemistry, Box 36, Sultan Qaboos University, PC 123, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman *Corresponding author: e-mail: [email protected] or [email protected] ABSTRACT Nanoparticles Fe (x wt. %)-doped Zn-TiO2 rutile powders, with x between 0 an 10 wt. %, were prepared using a solution chemistry route based on the wet-gel stirring method. Using the TEM images we found that the powder samples exhibit nanorods and nanosheets with nanorods oriented in different directions and accompanied by an amorphous Zn on the surface. The average length of these nanorods is about 60 nm and they have an average diameter of 7 nm. The x-ray diffraction patterns revealed the formation of the nanocrystalline particles with the rutile phase, which is characterized by the (101) diffraction peak. The magnetic properties of the samples were studied using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) in magnetic filed up to 13.5 kOe and in the temperature range of 100 K to 300 K. We found that the magnetization of the samples does not saturate in the maximum available field. The magnetization (M) at an applied magnetic field of 13.5 kOe is found to increase with increasing the Fe percentage at room temperature and at 100 K. TEM measurements and atomic-force microscopy (AFM) were used to image the samples. INTRODUCTION Oxide duiluted magnetic semiconductors, in which nonmagnetic oxide semiconductors are doped with low percent magnetic element such as Fe, Co, and Ni, have an important role in the development and the applications of semiconductor spintronics photovoltaic materials, gas sensors, solar energy conversion …etc [1-9]. Fe3+ doping of TiO2 was shown to enhance the photo activity efficiency of this material. Since the discovery of the ferromagnetic state in the Co-doped TiO2 semiconductors at room temperature and with a curie temperature of 400 K [7] the attention of many researchers have been drawn to understand the effect of doping a transition metal on the magnetotransport properties of these systems. Among the well-known three crystalline structures (Rutile, Anatase, and Brookite) of TiO2, Rutile is the most thermodynamically stable phase. Zhao et al. [9] prepared and studied the optical properties of TiO2 nanoparticles using a facile gas flame combustion method. They were able to produce an ultrafine TiO2 particles with a diameter of about 9 nm. They also found that the asprepared nanoparticles crystalline with the anatase phase. Resently, Wie et al. [10] studied the structural and the magnetic properties of TiO and TiO2 films prepared by cluster deposition method. They were able to produce nanoclusters with an average size between 15 nm and 40 nm. This study showed that all the samples of TiO and TiO2 anatase phase or TiO2 rutile phase are ferromagnetic with room temperature saturation
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