Effects of sorbitol on the production of phenolic compounds and terpenoids in the cell suspension cultures of Ocimum bas
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Effects of sorbitol on the production of phenolic compounds and terpenoids in the cell suspension cultures of Ocimum basilicum L. Muhammed A. Açıkgöz 1 Received: 17 February 2020 / Accepted: 20 August 2020 # Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences 2020
Abstract Ocimum basilicum L. contains secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, and terpenoids, which are valuable metabolites for the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of sorbitol treatments applied to Ocimum basilicum L. cell suspension cultures on cell viability (%), cell number and cell dry weight (g/L), total phenolic content (TPC), flavonoid content (TFC), and secondary metabolites accumulations. Antioxidant capacities were evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical assay. Phenolic compounds and terpenoids were recognized by reversed phase-high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and headspace solid-phase microextraction-gaschromatographic-mass-spectrometry (HS-SPME–GC/MS), respectively. Among sorbitol treatments, 50 mg/L treatment was most effective in terms of TPCs and antioxidant activity, while 200 mg/L treatment was most effective in terms of TFCs. RPHPLC analysis indicated that the highest accumulations of rosmarinic acid (12.32 mg/g DW, 25 mg/L treatment) and chicoric acid (4.52 mg/g DW, 100 mg/L treatment) were obtained in sorbitol treatments which were 30% and 35% greater than control (9.47 mg/g DW, 3.35 mg/g DW), respectively. The optimum biosynthesis of rutin and isoquercetin was obtained in the treatment of sorbitol 50 mg/L, with an increase of 2.01-fold (6.78 mg/g DW) and 2.17-fold (4.12 mg/g DW), respectively, compared to the control culture. The highest values of linalool and methyl chavicol compared to the control culture were 4.58 μg/g DW and 4.40 μg/g DW in 50 mg/L sorbitol treatment, respectively. Results indicate that application of sorbitol can enhance phenolic compounds and terpenoids production in O. basilicum cell suspension cultures. Keywords Biologically active ingredients . Lamiaceae . Osmotic stress . Secondary metabolites . Sweet basil
Abbreviations 2,4-D AlCl3 ANOVA CAT CN CuSO4 DF DPPH DW GA3
HS-SPME–GC/MS 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid Aluminum chloride Analysis of variance Catalase Cell number Copper sulfate Dilution factor 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl Dry weight Gibberellic acid
* Muhammed A. Açıkgöz [email protected] 1
Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Ordu University, 52200 Ordu, Turkey
LSD MS O. basilicum L POD RP-HPLC SOD TFC TPC
Headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas-chromatographicmass-spectrometry Least significant difference test Murashige and Skoog Ocimum basilicum Linnaeus Ascorbate peroxidase Reversed phase-high-performance liquid chromatography Superoxide dismutase Total flavonoid content Total phenolic content
Introduction Ocimum, a genus of Lamiaceae family, is represented by nearly 200 species worldwide (Joseph and Vrundha 2013). On
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