Elicitation and enhancement of bacoside production using suspension cultures of Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst
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SHORT REPORTS
Elicitation and enhancement of bacoside production using suspension cultures of Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst Anuja Koul1 · Sharada Mallubhotla1 Received: 2 December 2019 / Accepted: 4 May 2020 © King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology 2020
Abstract The effect of different elicitors [jasmonic acid, salicylic acid] and precursors [calcium pantothenate, cholesterol, sodium nitroprusside] on the stimulation of biomass and secondary metabolite production in suspension cultures of Bacopa monnieri was studied. Induction of primary callus cultures was successfully carried out on the Gamborg’s B5 (B5) medium fortified with 2, 4-D (1.0 mg l−1) using Bacopa monnieri leaves as explants. The friable fine suspension cell culture was raised on parent B5 media without agar. The elicitation using different elicitors and precursors at varying concentrations was carried out over a period of 3, 6, 9, 15 days. Elicitor treated cultures showed marked increase in biomass and bacoside production around 6th–9th day (0.98 GI DW). In the present study, salicylic acid at 1.0 mg l−1 induced a maximum elicitation in bacoside content (6.58 mg g−1 DW). The present study provides favorable evidence on the potential of bacoside production using suspension cultures of B. monnieri. The study results also indicate the beneficial effects of elicitation on metabolite production in in vitro suspension cultures of B. monnieri plant known for its cognitive improving properties. Keywords Bacosides · Elicitation · Cell suspension cultures · HPLC
Introduction Plant cell culture (PCC) is a well-reported platform for secondary metabolite production in pharmaceutical industries. This approach provides several advantages in comparison to other potential strategies, especially for the production of NPs with complex structures (Ochoa-Villarreal et al. 2016). Cell suspension cultures provide a continuous, reliable source of natural products and thus, could be used for large-scale metabolite production. Plant cells in suspension cultures provide a unique combination of physical and chemical environments that must be accommodated in largescale bioreactor process (Hussain et al. 2012). Elicitation is currently the most promising technique and used widely for increasing biomass and secondary metabolite production in plant cell cultures. These molecules induce a signal across plant cells which, in turn, stimulate secondary metabolic pathways and downstream transcription factors in response * Sharada Mallubhotla [email protected]; [email protected] 1
to the external stimuli thus resulting in production of secondary metabolites (Ahuja et al. 2016). Bacopa monnieri is a medicinal plant species highly acclaimed in Ayurvedic literatures for its cognition improving abilities owing to triterpenoid saponin bacosides (Koul et al. 2014; Kharde et al. 2018). Earlier reported findings attempted elicitation process using whole plant shoot cultures to increase the bacoside production (Sharma et al. 2015, 2019); thus, there is a need to find an al
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