Effects of temperature and pressure on electrical conductivity and wave velocity of basalt: a review
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Effects of temperature and pressure on electrical conductivity and wave velocity of basalt: a review Liu Yang1 · Qiang Sun2 · Jianjun Hu4,5 · Cunbao Li3,4 Received: 25 April 2020 / Accepted: 3 October 2020 © Akadémiai Kiadó 2020
Abstract The electrical conductivity and wave velocity of basalt are important parameters for analyzing the evolution of the crust and mantle; they are also used in many fields, such as underground engineering. To analyze the influences of pressure and temperature on the electrical conductivity and wave velocity of basalt, this review summarizes many relevant references. The results show that mineralogical composition, microstructure, porosity, pressure and temperature have important influences on the conductivity and wave velocity of basalt. Electrical conductivity increases with temperature, while wave velocity tends to decrease with increasing temperature (especially above 400 °C) under low-pressure conditions (perhaps below 2 GPa). At high pressure (above 3 GPa), the wave velocity remains unchanged below 500 °C, while an abrupt increase occurs between approximately 500 and 850 °C, followed by a quick decrease above approximately 850 °C. Keywords Basalt · Wave velocity · electrical conductivity · Pressure · Dilatation
1 Introduction Basalt is a basic extrusive rock that is widely distributed in nature. Interestingly, basalt has many excellent properties, such as resistance to corrosion, acidic and alkaline conditions, high pressure, and high temperature, which make it very useful (Bulut 2017; Wang et al. 2017, 2018). Basalt not only is used in buildings, railways, highways and other construction but also is an ideal raw material for producing “cast stone” (Bykov et al. 1990; * Jianjun Hu [email protected] 1
School of Civil Engineering, Sichuan University Jinjiang College, Meishan 620860, China
2
Geological Research Institute for Coal Green Mining, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China
3
MOE Key Laboratory of Deep Underground Science and Engineering, Institute of New Energy and Low-Carbon Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
4
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Sciences and Geothermal Energy Exploitation and Utilization, Institute of Deep Earth Sciences and Green Energy, College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
5
College of Water Resource and Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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Vol.:(0123456789)
Acta Geodaetica et Geophysica
Thorhallsson and Snaebjornsson 2016; Inman et al. 2017; Gopinath et al. 2017; Ma et al. 2018). In addition, basalt is used as a high-quality fiber for high-temperature insulation, glassy fiber materials, fused glass for high wearing resistance pipes and natural floor tiles (Rapp et al. 1985; Kapur et al. 1995; TÖRe I and Ay 2004). Because of the wide use of basalt, the study of its physical and mechanical properties has attracted the attention of many scholars Zhu et al. (2005). studied the micromechanics of
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