Effects of the water-soluble fraction of the mixture fuel oil/diesel on the microalgae Dunaliella tertiolecta through gr
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Effects of the water-soluble fraction of the mixture fuel oil/diesel on the microalgae Dunaliella tertiolecta through growth Soledad Salinas-Whittaker 1 & Claudia M. Gómez-Gutiérrez 1 & Beatriz Cordero-Esquivel 2 & Priscy A. Luque 1 & Graciela Guerra-Rivas 3 Received: 1 November 2019 / Accepted: 17 June 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract There is evidence that water-soluble fraction (WSF) from fuel oil/diesel mixture affects marine microbiota. In order to establish a sequence of WSF effects during microalgal growth, this work aimed to monitor Dunaliella tertiolecta exposed to WSF during 15 days. Three different pigments (chlorophyll a, lutein, and β-carotene) and four metabolites (protein, lipids, fatty acids, and phenols) were studied, and FTIR spectroscopy was used to determine the biomolecular transitions of lipids and their accumulation. The results show that D. tertiolecta triggered a physiological and biochemical response with changes in growth rate, pigments, phenols, lipids, and proteins of the microalga, although fatty acid profile was unaltered. For all the biochemical parameters altered, there were significant differences with the controls. At the end of the assay, exposed D. tertiolecta showed similar values with the control on all the compounds analyzed, except lipids. FTIR absorbance showed an increase in unsaturated acyl chains within the exposed microalgae, giving support for a possible uptake of hydrocarbons from WSF. Variation in pigments and phenol contents is presented as an integrated antioxidant response to the stress imposed by WSF. Overall, this research provides information about the effects of WSF on D. tertiolecta, and the ability of this microalga to recover after longterm exposure to the water-soluble fraction of fuel oil/diesel. Keywords Microalgae . Dunaliella tertiolecta . WSF . Growth phases . FTIR
Introduction One of the main problems faced by coastal ecosystems is hydrocarbon pollution (Parab et al. 2008). Some oil components are moderately water-soluble, and they may leach into seawaResponsible editor: Philippe Garrigues * Claudia M. Gómez-Gutiérrez [email protected] 1
Facultad de Ingeniería, Arquitectura y Diseño, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Carretera Transpeninsular Ensenada-Tijuana 3917, Colonia Playitas, 22860 Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
2
Departamento de Acuicultura, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), carretera Ensenada-Tijuana No. 3918, Zona Playitas, 22860 Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
3
Biociencias y Tecnologías, S. A. P. I. de C. V. (BIOCYT), Rincón del Pedregal 31, Pedregal Playitas, Ensenada 22860, Baja California, Mexico
ter; this affects marine organisms, especially planktonic microorganisms, such as microalgae, since their growth and development are strictly dependent on water quality (Morales-Loo and Goutx 1990; Parab et al. 2008). Microalgae respond differently to hydrocarbon pollution. This response depends on the microalgae sp
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