The Next-Generation of Microalgae-Based Products
Currently, the main microalgae-based product available in the market is whole dried biomass (single-cell protein), where Chlorella and Spirulina are the dominant genera. Some speciality chemicals that include beta-carotene, astaxanthin, phycocyanin, eicos
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The Next-Generation of Microalgae-Based Products Rosangela R. Dias, Ihana A. Severo, Mariany C. Deprá, Mariana M. Maroneze, Leila Q. Zepka, and Eduardo Jacob-Lopes
Abstract
Currently, the main microalgae-based product available in the market is whole dried biomass (single-cell protein), where Chlorella and Spirulina are the dominant genera. Some speciality chemicals that include beta-carotene, astaxanthin, phycocyanin, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid have already your market share consolidated. All of these bioactive products have applications as a natural colorant, additive, and food supplement. Independent of this, several emerging bioproducts such as lutein, fucoxanthin, phycoerythrin, beta-glucans, exopolysaccharides, arachidonic acid, recombinant proteins, and single-cell protein are in the advanced status of technological development, able to achieve commercial exploitation in the coming years. In this sense, this chapter aims to present status and perspectives on the next-generation of microalgae-based products and their technological advancements. Keywords
Microalgae-based processes · Biomolecules · Bioproducts · Commercial application
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Introduction
Microalgae, including cyanobacteria, constitute a diversified group of organisms that are mainly unicellular, aquatic, and photosynthetic eukaryotes (Maroneze et al. 2016). They can live in adverse environmental conditions using only light, water, and simple substances. The great diversity of microalgae, still not fully exploited, R. R. Dias · I. A. Severo · M. C. Deprá · M. M. Maroneze · L. Q. Zepka · E. Jacob-Lopes (*) Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil # Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020 P. Shukla (ed.), Microbial Enzymes and Biotechniques, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6895-4_2
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offers a series of biologically active metabolites which are of commercial interest. These bioactive metabolites present antioxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities (Kothari et al. 2017; Bule et al. 2018; Martínez-Francés and Escudero-Oñate 2018). The interest in microalgae as promising sources of valuable metabolites recently recovered great importance, driven in part by the focus of microalgae biotechnology to produce renewable and commercially viable biofuels, which can only be possible if higher value products are purposely explored (Dias et al. 2019). Thus, the researchers have been concentrated in the diversity of bioactive molecules that can be obtained from microalgae, and that can be profitable and counterbalance production costs (Deprá et al. 2018; Srivastava et al. 2019; Dixit et al. 2019; Jagadevan et al. 2018; Anand et al. 2017). Today, the most important products obtained of microalgae are the whole dried biomass (single-cell protein), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA),docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), β-carotene, astaxanthin, and phycocyanin, established in the market of bioactive compounds for us
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