Effects of Monoacyltrehalose Fraction of Rhodococcus Biosurfactant on the Innate and Adaptive Immunity Parameters In Viv
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Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine, Vol. 169, No. 4, August, 2020 MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY
Effects of Monoacyltrehalose Fraction of Rhodococcus Biosurfactant on the Innate and Adaptive Immunity Parameters In Vivo S. V. Gein1,2, O. A. Kochina1,2, M. S. Kuyukina1,2, D. P. Klimenko2, and I. B. Ivshina1,2
Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 169, No. 4, pp. 457-461, April, 2020 Original article submitted December 19, 2019 The biosurfactant monoacyltrehalose fraction isolated from Rhodococcus ruber IEGM 231 actinobacterium suppresses antibody production, bactericidal potential, and production of IL‑1β by mouse peritoneal cells after intraperitoneal and intramuscular injection and stimulates the production of IL-10 after intraperitoneal injection. The data of in vitro experiments attest to an important role of bacterial glycolipids in the regulation of the functions of splenocytes and peritoneal macrophages. Key Words: monoacyltrehalose; Rhodococcus; macrophages; antibody production; cytokines Biosurfactants are surface-active compounds produced by the microorganisms and exhibiting a wide spectrum of biological activities, including antiviral, antibacterial, and antitumor activities [6]. The most interesting group of biosurfactants is trehalolipids, glycolipids containing a hydrophilic trehalose residue; they are produced by Mycobacterium, Nocardia, Rhodococcus, et al. [9]. By the present time, trehalose dicorynomycolates from pathogenic actinobacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis are well studied; however, the biosurfactants produced by these bacteria are toxic, which limits their therapeutic use. We have isolated a nontoxic trehalolipid complex produced by an apathogenic strain of actinobacterium Rhodococcus ruber IEGM 231 (Regional Specialized Collection of Alcanotrophic Microorganisms) [3]. The glycolipid biosurfactant complex of R. ruber has three components. The dominant one (50.5%) is monoacyltrehalose (MAT); its molecules have a fatty acid chain (C12–16) with saturated and unsaturated bonds. Other components, trehalosodimicolate and diacyltrehalose, constitute 24.2 and 25.3% of the glycolipid weight, respectively. Institute of Ecology and Microorganic Genetics — Affiliated Branch of Perm’ Federal Research Center, Ural Division of the Russian Aca demy of Sciences; 2Perm’ State National University, Perm’, Russia. Address for correspondence: [email protected]. S. V. Gein 1
In a previous study we have demonstrated immunomodulatory activity of glycolipid biosurfactant from R. ruber IEGM 231, which modulates the function of human innate immunity cells in vitro by activating the production of proinflammatory cytokines by monocytes and neutrophils [5] and by boosting (in a dose-dependent manner) the dynamics of the respiratory burst [1]. However, in in vivo experiments, this biosurfacant injected intraperitoneally and intramuscularly suppressed the parameters of innate and adaptive immunity in laboratory mice [2]. We studied immunotropic activity of MAT, the dominating
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