Efficient promotion of methane hydrate formation and elimination of foam generation using fluorinated surfactants
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Quan CAO, Dongyan XU, Huanfei XU, Shengjun LUO, Rongbo GUO
Efficient promotion of methane hydrate formation and elimination of foam generation using fluorinated surfactants
© Higher Education Press 2020
Abstract Methane hydrate preparation is an effective method to store and transport methane. In promoters to facilitate methane hydrate formation, homogeneous surfactant solutions, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in particular, are more favorable than heterogeneous particles, thanks to their faster reaction rate, more storage capacity, and higher stability. Foaming, however, could not be avoided during hydrate dissociation with the presence of SDS. This paper investigated the ability of five fluorinated surfactants: potassium perfluorobutane sulfonate (PBS), potassium perfluorohexyl sulfonate (PHS), potassium perfluorooctane sulfonate (POS), ammonium perfluorooctane sulfonate (AOS), and tetraethylammonium perfluorooctyl sulfonate (TOS) to promote methane hydrate formation. It was found that both PBS and PHS achieve a storage capacity of 150 (V/V, the volume of methane that Received Nov. 14, 2019; accepted Apr. 8, 2020; online Jul. 10, 2020
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Quan CAO ( ), Shengjun LUO ( ) Shandong Industrial Engineering Laboratory of Biogas Production and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Biofuels of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China E-mails: [email protected] (Quan CAO); [email protected] (Shengjun LUO) Dongyan XU Faculty of Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China Huanfei XU Faculty of Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China; College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
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Rongbo GUO ( ) Shandong Industrial Engineering Laboratory of Biogas Production and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Biofuels of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China; Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian 116023, China; Faculty of Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China E-mails: [email protected]
can be stored by one volume of water) within 30 min, more than that of SDS. Cationic ions and the carbon chain length were then discussed on their effects during the formation. It was concluded that PBS, PHS, and POS produced no foam during hydrate dissociation, making them promising promoters in large-scale application. Keywords methane hydrate, fluorinated surfactants, homogeneous promoter, foam elimination, stability
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Introduction
Methane, as a clean energy source, has been applied not only in people’s daily life, but also plays a crucial part in the traffic and chemical industry. It is estimated that its natural reserve can serve mankind for as long as 1000 years [1,2]. Producing methane by fermentation with waste and straw was a great breakthrough [3–7]. Howev
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