Efficient elimination of environmental pollutants through sorption-reduction and photocatalytic degradation using nanoma
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REVIEW ARTICLE
Efficient elimination of environmental pollutants through sorption-reduction and photocatalytic degradation using nanomaterials Njud S. Alharbi1, Baowei Hu (✉)2, Tasawar Hayat1,3, Samar Omar Rabah1, Ahmed Alsaedi1, Li Zhuang4, Xiangke Wang (✉)1,5
1 Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia 2 School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China 3 Department of Mathematics, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan 4 College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China 5 State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
© Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract With the rapid development of industrial, large amounts of different inorganic and organic pollutants are released into the natural environments. The efficient elimination of environmental pollutants, i.e., photocatalytic degradation of persistent organic pollutants into nontoxic organic/inorganic chemicals, in-situ solidification or sorption-reduction of heavy metal ions, is crucial to protect the environment. Nanomaterials with large surface area, active sites and abundant functional groups could form strong surface complexes with different kinds of pollutants and thereby could efficiently eliminate the pollutants from the aqueous solutions. In this review, we mainly focused on the recent works about the synthesis of nanomaterials and their applications in the efficient elimination of different organic and inorganic pollutants from wastewater and discussed the interaction mechanism from batch experimental results, the advanced spectroscopy techniques and theoretical calculations. The adsorption and the photocatalytic reduction of organic pollutants and the sorption/reduction of heavy metal ions are generally considered as the main methods to decrease the concentration of pollutants in the natural environment. This review highlights a new way for the real applications of novel nanomaterials in environmental pollution management, especially for the undergraduate students to understand the recent works in the elimination of different kinds of inorganic and organic chemicals in the natural environmental pollution management. Received December 21, 2019; accepted January 28, 2020 E-mails: [email protected] (Hu B), [email protected] (Wang X)
Keywords nanomaterials, sorption-reduction, photocatalytic degradation, organic pollutants, heavy metal ions
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Introduction
With the fast development of industry, large amounts of wastewater containing different kinds of organic pollutants, toxic metal ions, radionuclides and manmade nanoparticles are inevitably released into the natural environment. These contaminants create serious threats to human health and environmental ecology systems [1–6]. Although some toxic organic pollutants could be photocatalytic degraded
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