Efficient removal of manganese from aquatic solutions by amphistegina filter
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Efficient removal of manganese from aquatic solutions by amphistegina filter A. A. Bakr1 · R. A. El‑Salamony2 · A. M. Rabie3 · R. M. El‑Zoheiry4 Received: 1 April 2020 / Accepted: 11 May 2020 © Islamic Azad University (IAU) 2020
Abstract Mono-media filtration vessels of amphistegina and conventional granular activated carbon filters in an assembled semi-pilot filtration unit had been carried out to represent the efficient removal of manganese ions from hydrous solution in a comparison study. Amphistegina tests surfaces have been characterized for the first time in compared to conventional granular activated carbon media by X-ray diffraction, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area analysis. Also, the surface morphology of granular activated carbon and amphistegina media with manganese chloride adsorption was observed by Atomic Force Microscopy analysis. The filtration unit had been operated at different working conditions such as; flow rates (20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 l/min), operating temperatures (293, 303 and 313 k), initial manganese(II) concentrations (15–105 mg/l), constant pH (7.5) and calculated adsorbent mass for granular activated carbon (34.1 g/l) and amphistegina media (115 g/l). The maximum adsorption capacities of manganese ions by amphistegina (1.17 mg/g) and granular activated carbon (3.36 mg/g) filters had been produced at a temperature of 313 k and at a higher flow rate (60 l/min); while at a lower flow rate (20 l/min), the maximum adsorption capacities were 2.83 mg/g for granular activated carbon filter and 3.42 mg/g for amphistegina filter. The adsorption performance was verified by Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherms. Graphic abstract
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13
Vol.:(0123456789)
International Journal of Energy and Water Resources
Keywords Water treatment · Filtration · Manganese removal · Amphistegina tests · Activated carbon · Atomic force microscopy
Introduction Manganese ions (Mn(II)) and its oxidized form (MnO2) are the most reduced and soluble forms of manganese can be found in natural water. Manganese ions can be easily removed by different techniques of water treatment and they can be progressively oxidized in the distribution systems to insoluble manganic dioxide causing several problems such as water discoloration, metallic taste, odor, turbidity, biofouling and corrosion, staining of laundry and plumbing fixture (Tekerlekopoulou and Vayenas 2007). In addition, manganese has been found to affect the central nervous system (Sharma et al. 2001). So, we deeply need to remove manganese ions from all aquatic systems. Granular activated carbon is marketable and prevalent media in drinkable water treatment and it highly effective media in removing odors, tastes, organics, chlorinated materials and some metals (Al-Malack and Basaleh 2016). Activated carbon has a highly physical adsorption capacity and good porosity of adsorbing material known to mankind. It has considerably
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