Efficient removal of cadmium ions from water by adsorption on a magnetic carbon aerogel
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Efficient removal of cadmium ions from water by adsorption on a magnetic carbon aerogel Yingchao Li 1 & Mengqi Zhou 1 & Geoffrey I. N. Waterhouse 1,2 & Jianchao Sun 3 & Weijie Shi 1 & Shiyun Ai 1 Received: 28 May 2020 / Accepted: 14 September 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Carbon aerogels are attracting much attention as adsorbents due to their high specific surface and large accessible pores. Herein, we describe a successful synthesis of a magnetic carbon aerogel (MCA) using sodium alginate (SA) as the main carbon source, gelatin (G) as a cross-linking agent and secondary carbon source, and Fe3O4 nanoparticles as the magnetic component. A simple pyrolysis treatment at 550 °C under N2 transformed a Fe3O4/SA/G hydrogel precursor into the MCA. The obtained magnetic carbon aerogel possessed a high specific surface area (145.7 m2/g), a hierarchically porous structure, and an abundance of surface hydroxyl (–OH) and carboxyl (–COOH) groups, resulting in outstanding sorption properties for aqueous Cd(II) (an adsorption capacity of 143.88 mg/Lmg/g). The mechanism of Cd(II) adsorption by the MCA was investigated, with the results obtained suggesting that the MCA removed cadmium ions from water by both electrostatic adsorption and complexation. Since the MCAs contained Fe3O4 nanoparticles, they could easily be separated and recovered from water using a magnet. This study thus identifies a promising and efficient technology for removing Cd(II) ions from aqueous solutions. Keywords Carbon aerogels . Adsorption . Cd(II) . Magnetic nanoparticles
Introduction Water pollution caused by heavy metal ions is of global concern and is implicated in a wide range of diseases (Ma et al. 2018; Sun et al. 2018; Zang et al. 2020). Cadmium ions are highly toxic (Kuang et al. 2019) and can enter drinking water source via a variety of pathways, including natural mineral Responsible editor: Tito Roberto Cadaval Jr Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10859-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Weijie Shi [email protected] * Shiyun Ai [email protected] 1
College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian 271018, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
2
School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
3
School of Environment and Materials Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
weathering processes and also unlawful disposal of industrial waste water (Xu et al. 2018). Industrial sources of cadmium pollution include cooling tower sewage, metal electroplating solutions, and coating operations (Li et al. 2004). Ingested Cd(II) ions mainly accumulate in the kidneys and have a relatively long biological half-life of 10–35 years in the human body (Ammari 2014). The accumulation of Cd(II) ions in the body can lead to skin lesions, renal dysfunction, pneumon
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