Efficient routing in UASN during the thermohaline environment condition to improve the propagation delay and throughput
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METHODOLOGIES AND APPLICATION
Efficient routing in UASN during the thermohaline environment condition to improve the propagation delay and throughput N. Hemavathy1 • P. Indumathi2 • N. R. Shanker3
Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In underwater acoustic sensor network (UASN), the challenging issues are bandwidth, higher propagation delay and heavy packet loss during data transmission. The issues can be solved through efficient routing algorithms. The existing UASN routing algorithms have larger latency in the network link and high rate of packet loss because of the salinity and temperature in the water at different depths. The salinity and temperature changes according to the depth and called as thermohaline circulation. In this paper, convex directional flooding optimisation (CDFO) algorithm improves the latency, throughput and lifetime of the nodes in the network under thermohaline condition and longshore drift from longshore current, which consist of transportation of sediments. The CDFO combines the convex optimisation and directional flooding-based routing algorithm, convex optimisation helps in identification of the hidden nodes in the network and strong communication links are established through polynomial time and semantic analysis and directional flooding algorithm reduces the packet loss and increases the network throughput. The routing protocol has implemented in ns2-AquaSim simulator and test bed for measurement of the performance metrics of the UASN. Keywords Routing Directional flooding Convex optimisation Propagation delay Throughput
1 Introduction Wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of nodes with sensors spatially distributed for monitoring the environment. The WSN system comprises wireless transceiver, which enables node to connect to other wireless transceivers. The different WSN transceivers available are IEEE802.11–WIFI, IEEE 802.15.4 (2.4 GHz) and radio frequency working at 900 MHz. The WSN systems have become popular due to the stand-alone nature of the node. Communicated by V. Loia. & N. Hemavathy [email protected] P. Indumathi [email protected] N. R. Shanker [email protected] 1
ECE, Velammal Engineering College, Chennai, India
2
ECE, MIT, Chennai, India
3
ECE, Aalim Muhammed Salegh College of Engineering, Chennai, India
The WSN node deploys for applications such as wildlife monitoring, border surveillance, monitoring underwater oil, gas pipelines monitoring, climate change monitoring, and oceanography. In oceanography, the oil and gas pipelines that lie in deep sea are vulnerable to hydrostatic pressure which increases by 14.5 psi for every 33 feet in the sea level. The constant hydrostatic pressure reduces the structural integrity of gas and oil pipelines. Hence, underwater sensor nodes are deployed at key locations to monitor structural changes in the pipeline. In addition, unmanned vehicles deploy underwater to collect data from sensor nodes. The different types of underwater communicat
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