Elaboration and Characterization of La 4 Ni 3 O 10 Cathode Material (SOFC) by Sol-Gel Process
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ELABORATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF La4Ni3O10 CATHODE MATERIAL (SOFC) BY SOL-GEL PROCESS Rene Fabian Cienfuegos1,2, Leonardo Chávez Guerrero1,2, Sugeheidy Carranza1, Laurie Jouanin3, Guillaume Marie4, Moisés Hinojosa1,2 1 Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, 66451, México 2 Centro de Innovación, Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería y Tecnología (CIIDIT), Apodaca, Nuevo León, 66600, México 3 Université Paris-Sud 11, Orsay, 91405, France. 4 IUT A de Lille, Boul. Paul LANGEVIN, BP 179, Villeneuve d’Ascq Cedex, 59653, France ABSTRACT The goal in this study was to synthesize a lanthanum - nickel phase (Ruddlesden-Popper phases) La4Ni3O10. This material was prepared using a polymeric route. An easy synthesis method is presented in order to obtain an economical cathode material, which can be used in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC). The polymeric precursors were prepared following the Castillo method. The originality of this work was to optimize the ratio HMTA/ metallic salts from 1 to 6. The obtained powders were characterized by thermal analysis; Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC Q10 Instrument TA), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA - Q50 Instrument TA-) and Xray diffractometer (Bruker, D8 Advance diffractometer), in order to determine the crystallized phase. Experiments 5 and 6 did not present coagulation but after few days, solution 5 was transformed into a gel. Gels 2 to 5 were heated in order to obtain a solid material. These powders are characterized by thermogravimetric and thermo-differential methods. The powders obtained at 800, 900 and 1000°C were analyzed by X-ray diffraction and it was found that the temperature to get to the La4Ni3O10 phase was 1000ºC. INTRODUCTION Recently the price of fossil fuels has considerably increased which can be taken as evidence of a reduction in the worldwide reserves. Additionally, the abuse of fossil fuels can amplify greenhouse gases emissions (GHG) and possibly generate global warming and pollution causing environmental problems. Experts in the field of energy technology agree that the use of fuel cells can substantially reduce oil dependency and its environmental impact when compared to the current combustion of petroleum and derivatives needed for power generation. Fuel cell devices convert chemical energy directly into electrical energy without direct combustion as intermediary step. This increases conversion efficiency when compared to conventional power generation combustion systems with the added benefit of low emissions of gases like CO2, NOx and SOx [1-6]. Classification Fuel cells are classified according to electrolyte nature:
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Alkaline Fuel Cell (AFC), which is made of an alkaline electrolyte and which has a working temperature between 70 and 100 ºC. Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC), which utilizes lithium and molten potassium as electrolyte, which operate up to 650 °C Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell (PAFC), which operates between 180 and 210 ºC. Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC), which works between
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