Synthesis of La 4 Ni 3 O 10 Cathode Material (SOFC) by SOL-GEL Process
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Synthesis of La4Ni3O10 Cathode Material (SOFC) by SOL-GEL Process Rene Fabian Cienfuegos1,2, Sugeheidy Carranza1, Leonardo Chávez1,2, Laurie Jouanin3, Guillaume Marie4, Moisés Hinojosa1,2 1 Fac. Ing. Mec. Eléc. (FIME), San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, 66451, México 2 Cent. Innov., Invest. Desar. Ing. Tec. (CIIDIT), Apodaca, Nuevo León, 66600, México 3 Université Paris-Sud 11, Orsay, 91405, France. 4 IUT A de Lille, Boul. Paul LANGEVIN, BP 179, Villeneuve d’Ascq Cedex, 59653, France
ABSTRACT The goal in this study is to synthesize a Ruddleden-Poper La-Ni phase (La4Ni3O10) using a polymeric route. This material exhibits mixed ionic and electronic conduction (MIEC) properties and can be used as cathode material in the manufacture of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC). . In addition, an easy and inexpensive synthesis method is presented The polymeric precursors are prepared following the Castillo method using optimized the complexation ratios (HMTA/metallic salts) from 1 to 6. The obtained powders are characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) in order to determine the processing conditions for formation of the crystalline phase. Experiments performed using complexation ratios of 5 and 6 do not show coagulation. However, the solution prepared using a complexation ratio of 5, is transformed into a gel after few days. Gels produced from solutions prepared with complexation ratios from 2 to 5 were heated at 800, 900 and 1000°C to obtain solid materials. These powders are characterized by TGS, DSC and XRD and it is found that the temperature needed to obtain crystalline La4Ni3O10 was 1000ºC. INTRODUCTION Electricity production has used fossil fuels for many years. Recently the price of these fuels has increased considerably as a result of decreasing worldwide reserves . In addition, abuse in the use of fossil fuels increases greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) which contribute to global warming and increase pollution with negative impact on the environment. Experts in the field of energy technology agree that the use of fuel cells for power generation can substantially reduce oil dependency and its negative environmental impact. Fuel cell devices convert chemical energy directly into electrical energy without combustion as an intermediary step. This increases conversion efficiency when compared to conventional power generation combustion systems with the added benefit of lower emissions of gases like CO2 , NOx and SOx [1-6]. Fuel cells are classified according to the type of electrolyte used in their manufacture.alkaline fuel cells (AFC) use an an alkaline electrolyte and operate at temperatures between 70 and 100 ºC.Molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFC) utilize lithium and molten potassium as electrolyte And Phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC) operate at temperatures between 180 and 210 ºC while proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) operate at temperatures between 80 y 200 ºC.Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) are often fabricated using an electrolyte compo
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