Effects of water salinity on emitter clogging in surface drip irrigation systems
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Effects of water salinity on emitter clogging in surface drip irrigation systems Zhangzhong Lili1,2,3 · Yang Peiling3 · Zheng Wengang1,2 · Li Yunkai3 · Liu Yu3 · Zhang Chong3 Received: 13 February 2018 / Accepted: 22 July 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Saline water can be used in drip irrigation systems, thus conserving freshwater. However, the emitters used in drip irrigation are easily prone to salinity-related chemical clogging, which has become a barrier to the exploitation and utilization of saline water in this context. We therefore analyzed the behavior and emitter distribution of chemical clogging using a drip irrigation experiment comparing four water salinities (1.0, 2.0, 4.0, and 6.0 dS/m) in the Hetao Irrigation District (Inner Mongolia, China). The results revealed that the clogging parameters (discharge ratio variation [Dra] and coefficient of uniformity [CU]) showed a slow–sharp downward trend under saline water conditions. Salinity had significantly negative, linear relationships with the two clogging parameters. We identified that the chemical clogging process exhibited randomness, but showed regularity where it usually occurred. Three types of chemical clogging process were identified, representing gradual, fluctuating, and sudden reductions in the clogging parameters. The highest risk location for chemical clogging was the end of the laterals, while the main site for sedimentation of the blocking materials was the core flow path of emitters. On the basis of the results, a water salinity of below 4.0 dS/m is recommended as suitable for use in drip irrigation systems.
Introduction The use of saline water in agricultural irrigation has proved effective in mitigating freshwater shortages in arid and semiarid regions (Wan et al. 2007). Drip irrigation conserves water in comparison with surface irrigation methods and is considered the most effective and reliable method in longterm practical applications because of its precision and controllability (Rhoades et al. 1992; Karlberg et al. 2007). Moreover, drip irrigation by saline water prevents the occurrence of the excessive leaf burn associated with sprinkler * Yang Peiling [email protected] * Zheng Wengang [email protected] 1
National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agiculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
2
Key Laboratory for Quality Testing of Hardware and Software Products on Agricultural Information, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China
3
College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, No. 17, Qinghua Donglu, Haidian District, PO Box 57, Beijing 100083, China
irrigation (Frenkel et al. 1990). Lessivage processes are observed in drip irrigation, moving the accumulated salt content toward moist peak regions, which is beneficial for plant growth (Wang et al. 2002). However, saline water carries a risk of chemical clogging, because the variety of salts it
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