Electrically Assisted Solid-State Joining of CrMnFeCoNi High-Entropy Alloy
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Since defining and classifying alloys as configurational entropy terms began in 2004, numerous studies have been reported on high-entropy alloys (HEAs).[1, 2] HEA, which has a concept of composing elements different from conventional alloys, has attractive material properties and shows potential as a structural material. Gludovatz et al.[3] reported that equiatomic CrMnFeCoNi HEA had excellent fracture toughness due to twinning-induced plasticity behavior at cryogenic
MIN-GU JO is with the Department of Materials Science and Engineering & Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea and also with the Center for Energy Materials Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea. THI ANH NGUYET NGUYEN and SUNG-TAE HONG are with the School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea. Contact e-mail: [email protected] SIWOOK PARK and HEUNG NAM HAN are with the Department of Materials Science and Engineering & Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University. Contact e-mail: [email protected] JIN-YOO SUH is with the Center for Energy Materials Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology. Min-Gu Jo and Thi Anh Nguyet Nguyen contributed equally to this work.
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A
temperatures. Li et al.[4] overcame the strength-ductility trade-off phenomenon using metastability of transformation-induced plasticity-assisted dual-phase HEA. Several HEAs also showed exceptional physical properties when exposed to specific environments. A facecentered cubic (FCC) type HEA showed superior hydrogen embrittlement resistance after hydrogencharging in gaseous state.[5,6] Besides, a body-centered cubic (BCC) type HEA composed of refractory elements showed remarkable high-temperature mechanical properties.[7] Furthermore, by intentionally forming a second phase[8,9] or a precipitate such as a carbide or Ni3Al gamma prime,[10,11] the mechanical properties of HEAs were improved. Numerous studies on the weldability of HEAs have been conducted, and they show great potential as structural materials. The weldability of various HEAs has been evaluated using friction stir welding (FSW),[12] fusion welding using an electron beam welding,[13] laser welding,[14] and gas tungsten arc welding.[15] In addition, the welding[16] or brazing[17] of HEAs with dissimilar materials have been reported. The aforementioned studies have shown that HEAs have good weldability. However, fusion welding results in a dendritic structure as well as chemical inhomogeneity of the high-entropy composition.[14,15] This is inevitable not only in FCC HEAs, but also in refractory BCC HEAs.[2, 7] Due to the phase instability of HEAs at intermediate temperatures,[18] the chemical segregation can promote phase decomposition. Additionally, fusion welding may cause solidification cracking due to various reasons.[19] Solid-state joining can be utilized to overcome the disadvantages of fusion welding of HEAs. It
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