Electrochemical double-layer capacitors with lithium-ion electrolyte and electrode coatings with PEDOT:PSS binder
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Electrochemical double‑layer capacitors with lithium‑ion electrolyte and electrode coatings with PEDOT:PSS binder Foivos Markoulidis1,2 · Adam Dawe1 · Constantina Lekakou1 Received: 25 January 2020 / Accepted: 10 October 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Although typical electrochemical double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) operate with aqueous or lithium-free organic electrolytes optimized for activated carbon electrodes, there is interest in EDLCs with lithium-ion electrolyte for applications of lithium ion capacitors and hybridized battery-supercapacitor devices. We present an experimental study of symmetric EDLCs with electrolyte 1 M L iPF6 in EC:EMC 50:50 v/v and electrode coatings with 5 wt% SBR or PEDOT:PSS binder at 5 or 10 wt% concentration, where for the PEDOT:PSS containing electrodes pseudocapacitance effects were investigated in the lithiumion electrolyte. Two different electrode coating fabrication methods were explored, doctor blade coating and spraying. It was found that EDLCs with electrodes with either binder had a stability window of 0–2 V in the lithium-ion electrolyte. EDLCs with electrodes with 10 wt% PEDOT:PSS binder yielded cyclic voltammograms with pseudocapacitance features indicating surface redox pseudocapacitance in the doctor blade coated electrodes, and intercalation and redox phenomena for the sprayed electrodes. The highest energy density in discharge was exhibited by the EDLC with doctor blade-coated electrodes and 10 wt% PEDOT:PSS binder, which combined good capacitive features with surface redox pseudocapacitance. In general, EDLCs with sprayed electrodes reached higher power density than doctor blade coated electrodes.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10800-020-01497-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Constantina Lekakou [email protected] 1
Department of Mechanical Engineering Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Centre for Engineering Materials, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, UK
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, UK
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13
Vol.:(0123456789)
Journal of Applied Electrochemistry
Graphic abstract
Keywords Supercapacitor · LiPF6 in EC/EMC · PEDOT:PSS binder · SBR binder · Spray coating · Doctor blade coating
1 Introduction There has been increasing interest in supercapacitors with lithium-ion electrolyte targeting applications of lithium-ion capacitors [1] and hybrid battery-supercapacitors [2]. Electrochemical double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) of symmetric or asymmetric type aim for high surface area electrodes, such as activated carbon (AC) fabrics [3, 4], AC coatings [4, 5], graphene [6–8] or combinations [9], with conductive additives such as carbon black and multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) [10–12]. Electrode materials of supercapacitors have been optimized in terms of pore size distribution for aqueous electro
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