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Hierarchical porous electrospun carbon nanofibers with nitrogen doping as binder-free electrode for supercapacitor Sihao Yan1,2,3, Chenguang Tang1,2,3, Zhao Yang1,2,3, Xuemin Wang1,2,3, Hang Zhang1,2,3, Cui Zhang1,2,3,* , and Shuangxi Liu1,2,3,* 1

Institute of New Catalytic Materials Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin 300350, People’s Republic of China 2 Tianjin Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China 3 School of Materials Science and Engineering & National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin 300350, People’s Republic of China

Received: 5 July 2019

ABSTRACT

Accepted: 3 August 2020

Nitrogen-doped hierarchical porous electrospun carbon nanofibers (HPECNFs) were successfully prepared via electrospinning using ball-milled SBA-15 [wellordered hexagonal mesoporous silica structures (Zhao et al., in Science 279(5350):548)] as hard template. As expected, ball milling enhances the dispersion of the SBA-15 template in the precursor of electrospinning, which makes the obtained HPECNFs to have a well-balanced distribution of the micro-, mesoand marco-pores. The HPECNFs exhibit free-standing structures, high specific surfaces and rich nitrogen-containing groups derived from pyrolysis of polyacrylonitrile (PAN), which boost the electrochemical performance of HPECNFs considerably. As a binder-free electrode material, the HPECNFs display a high capacitance of 250 F g-1 at the current density of 0.5 A g-1 as well as excellent rate capability (132.5 F g-1 at 50 A g-1) and super cycling stability (negligible loss after 5000 cycles). Moreover, in a symmetric device, the supercapacitor device shows the highest energy density of 12.91 Wh kg-1 at the power density of 325 W kg-1.

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Springer Science+Business

Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020

1 Introduction Regarded as a promising energy storage system, electronic double-layer capacitor (EDLC) has attracted unprecedented interest owing to its low cost [1],

high security, rapid charging/discharging rate, excellent power rate and outstanding service life [2–6]. Plenty of carbon materials, such as graphene [7, 8], carbon nanotubes (CNTs) [9], buckypaper [10], carbon aerogels [11], activated carbons [12] and quantum dots [13], have been widely studied as

Address correspondence to E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-020-04173-1

J Mater Sci: Mater Electron

electrodes for EDLC. Compared with these carbonbased materials, electrospun porous carbon nanofibers (EPCNFs) show incomparable advantages of excellent mechanical flexibility, self-supporting structures and easy processing, which brings a broad application prospect in optical devices [14–18] and electrode materials [19–23]. Presently polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers have been widely used as a precursor in the manufacture of most commercial carbon fibers because