Electrochemical Investigation of Lithium Ion Battery Including LiCo 0.8 Ni 0.2 O 2 , Li 2 MnO 3 , LiNiO 2 Cathode Materi
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ctrochemical Investigation of Lithium Ion Battery Including LiCo0.8Ni0.2O2, Li2MnO3, LiNiO2 Cathode Materials M. Monajjemia, b, *, F. Mollaaminb, P. T. Thub, M. Otadia, A. Alihosseinia, D. T. M. Dungb, and D. M. Chienb aDepartment
of Chemical Engineering, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Institute for Nanotechnology (INT), Vietnam National University-Ho Chi Minh City (VNUHCM), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam *e-mail: [email protected]
b
Received November 10, 2018; revised May 27, 2019; accepted July 29, 2019
Abstract—(1 – n – m)LiCo0.8Ni0.2O2 system was synthesized using the sol–gel method. Stoichiometric weights of the LiNO3, Mn(Ac)2 · 4H2O, Co(Ac)2 · 4H2O, Ni(NO3)2 · 6H2O for preparing of 28 samples have been used as starting materials of lithium, magnesium, cobalt and nickel, in 28 samples of (1 – n – m)LiCo0.8Ni0.2O2, respectively. We exhibited “Li1.333Ni0.4Co0.267Mn0.333O2” is the best composition for cathode material among those compositions. Obviously, the used weight of cobalt in this sample is lower compared with LiCoO2 that is an advantage in view point of cost and toxic problem. Charge–discharge characteristics of the mentioned cathode materials were investigated by performing cycle tests in the range of 2.2–4.5 V. Our results confirmed, although these kind systems can help for removing the disadvantage of cobalt which mainly is its cost and toxic, the performance of these kind systems are similar to LiCoO2 cathode material. Keywords: lithium ion battery, sol–gel method, cathode material DOI: 10.1134/S1023193520030076
INTRODUCTION Transition elements of cathode materials including nickel, manganese, cobalt (NMC), are especial metals for lithium ion batteries (LIBs) due to their potentials for operating in high voltages and large energy storing in a small space. Although the Ni in NMC gives a high capacity for storing energies, it is also passive and unstable, with a propensity towards destructive reactions with the electrolyte. As it can be seen in Table 1 there are both advantages and disadvantages factors for NMC of LIBs [1–5]. A major disadvantage of cobalt is its cost and toxic and typically it is around two times more costly to manufacture than nickel. This is one important factor when considering its use in mass produced consumer items which any extra cost is a basic issue. Safety factor is also a matter of crucial importance to the lithium ion batteries which this problem appears in big size batteries as compared to the small size batteries i.e. batteries for electric vehicle would have more risk of catching fire as compared to batteries for cell phones. When mixed solid solution is used as cathode material, the explosion of batteries can be control, especially with doping of other elements such as Mg and Al. Moreover LiNixCoyMnzO2 are environment friendly as compared to isolated cathode such as LiCoO2 [4, 5].
The purpose of this study is to find a ternary solid solution of Li-based cathode material in NMC that is advantageous replacement for LiCoO2 which is expe
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