Electrospun PVDF Nanofibers Decorated with Graphene and Titania for Improved Visible Light Photocatalytic Methanation of
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Electrospun PVDF Nanofibers Decorated with Graphene and Titania for Improved Visible Light Photocatalytic Methanation of CO2 Xiya Wang 1 & Zhaoguo Zhang 1 & Zhengfeng Huang 1 & Peimei Dong 1 & Xiaoxiao Nie 1 & Zhi Jin 1 & Xiwen Zhang 1 Received: 2 June 2019 / Accepted: 11 November 2019 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract The photoreduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) by a highly efficient Graphene@PVDF(polyvinylidene fluoride)@TiO2(titania) electrospinning film photocatalysis system was explored, achieving an innovative combination of electrospinning and hydrothermal treatment using nanoscale pristine graphene sheets. TiO2 was embedded in PVDF nanowire due to the inducement of element F, while the TiO2 nanoparticles on PVDF facilitated transporting the photo-generated electron-hole pairs to the Ti-F groups, which performed as electron-trapping sites due to the strong electronegativity of fluorine. The possible mechanism of CO2 reduction is depicted involving two distinct functional regions – the production regions (TiO2) and the consumption regions (graphene sheets) of the photo-generated electrons. In this photocatalysis system, the photo-generated electrons are quickly captured and transferred in a timely manner, efficiently suppressing the recombination of photo-generated carriers. The electron reservoirs in the graphene sheets can then accelerate the photoreduction reaction and promote the conversion of CO2 to CH4 (methane), leading to a highly efficient photoreduction of CO2 under visible light illumination, which is a promising material in new energy development, mitigating climate change. Keywords Graphene . Titania . Photocatalysis . Synergy
Introduction The process of photocatalytic methanation of CO2 (carbone dioxide) with H2O (water), or so-called artificial photosynthesis, is a promising approach for achieving solar fuel production and for reducing CO2 emissions, in which TiO2 (titania) is widely used [1–3]. The main appreciation of TiO2 is based on its outstanding performance. Except for its nontoxicity and low cost, there exist other advantages of TiO2 such as high photoactivity, excellent heat resistance, and stability [4]. Nonetheless, the large-scale industrialization of TiO 2 photocatalysis material is inhibited by two flaws: first, the lifetime of photo-generated electrons is so short that they are easily recombined with holes, and, second, the optical range is
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-019-01086-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Xiwen Zhang [email protected] 1
State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
mainly at ultraviolet bands, which implies low efficiency of sunlight. Researchers have made considerable effort improving its photocatalytic efficiency, mainly focusing on four aspects: controlling the morphology, doping with other elements [5, 6], s
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