Electrospun TiO 2 nanofibers for water and wastewater treatment: a review
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Electrospun TiO2 nanofibers for water and wastewater treatment: a review Belisa A. Marinho1,*, Selene M. A. Guelli U. de Souza2, Antoˆnio Augusto U. de Souza2, and Dachamir Hotza1,2 1
Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering (PGMAT), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil 2 Graduate Program in Chemical Engineering (PosENQ), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil
Received: 1 July 2020
ABSTRACT
Accepted: 23 November 2020
Water and wastewater treatment is a global challenge that requires innovative solutions. Electrospinning is a versatile and simple technique that allows the generation of ultrathin fibers of numerous compositions. Titanium dioxide is a photocatalyst with applications in several technological fields. Thus, the use of electrospinning to produce TiO2 nanofibers is an approach that may bring new insights for the treatment of contaminated water. In this review, it is aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of electrospinning technique and electrospun TiO2 nanofibers production, as well as their application in water and wastewater treatment. First, it is provided a brief introduction to the development of electrospinning-related processes, followed by a discussion of its principle, apparatus, methods and materials commonly used. In the sequence, it is presented the current and potential methods for electrospun TiO2 nanofibers and some aspects related to experimental conditions, catalysts immobilization, metal and nonmetal doping, characterization techniques and applications. The effects of processing parameters on properties as catalyst band gap, adsorption capacity and catalytic efficiency are also discussed. Afterward, the application of electrospun TiO2 nanofibers for pollutants removal from water through photodegradation is highlighted by focusing on some representative examples. Finally, the perspectives are presented regarding challenges, opportunities, and new directions for the application of electrospun TiO2 fibers.
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Springer Science+Business
Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Handling Editor: Christopher Blanford.
Address correspondence to E-mail: [email protected]
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-020-05610-6
J Mater Sci
GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Introduction The contamination of natural water bodies has increased over the years and poses an immediate threat to the environment. The disposal of highly hazardous organic and inorganic pollutants has become a challenge around the world as well as the search by facile and eco-friendly technology capable to treat them. In this context, numerous treatment techniques for water and wastewater remediation have been employed, including biological processes, coagulation and electrocoagulation, oxidation/reduction processes, adsorption, ion exchange, membrane separation, liquid–liquid extraction, evaporation and phytoremediation [1–4]. Over the past decades, titanium dioxide was the metal oxide most utilized in photocatalytic
applications.
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