ELISA, a feasible technique to monitor organophosphate, carbamate, and pyrethroid residues in local vegetables. Cuban ca
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ELISA, a feasible technique to monitor organophosphate, carbamate, and pyrethroid residues in local vegetables. Cuban case study Edelbis López Dávila1,2 · Michael Houbraken3 · Zuleiqui Gil Unday4 · Osvaldo Romero Romero5 · Gijs Du Laing6 · Pieter Spanoghe3 Received: 11 May 2020 / Accepted: 5 August 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Organophosphates, carbamates, and pyrethroids are among the most commonly used pesticides worldwide. However, these pesticides are toxic not only to insects but also to other non-targets such as animals, including humans. The increasing public concern in recent years about possible health risks due to pesticide residues in the diet has influenced the strategies for crop protection. Over the years, researchers have relied on several analytical methods. The importance of enzyme-linked immune sorbent assays (ELISA) for pesticide analysis has increased over the past decades. This study was conducted to assess ELISA as a rapid, economical, and safe analytical procedure as an alternative prior to chromatographic techniques for monitoring the residues of these target pesticides in local Cuban vegetables. A colorimetric ELISA test kit was used to detect organophosphates and carbamates directly, while the analysis of pyrethroid was performed using paramagnetic particles attached to antibodies specifically to detect pyrethroids. To confirm the positive results, the samples were also analyzed by chromatography. With the use of the ELISA kits, it was possible to determine the presence of organophosphates, carbamates, and pyrethroid residues in the collected samples. The ELISA kits tested showed quantification capacity at values below the detection limit of the chromatographic techniques used. Linear relationships between the quantified values obtained by the chromatographic technique and results obtained through the pyrethroid ELISA test kits were observed. The developed ELISA exhibited high accuracy and is ideally suited as a fast, high-throughput, and low-cost screening test for organophosphates, carbamates, and pyrethroid residues to monitor and control these residue levels in the Cuban agriculture context. Keywords Plant protection products · Acephate · Dimethoate · Immunoassay assessment · Sancti Spíritus
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-020-03303-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Edelbis López Dávila, [email protected]; Michael Houbraken, [email protected]; Zuleiqui Gil Unday, [email protected]; Osvaldo Romero Romero, [email protected]; Gijs Du Laing, [email protected]; Pieter Spanoghe, [email protected] | 1Sancti Spíritus University, Study Center of Energies and Industrial Process, Avenida de Los Mártires #360, CP 60100 Sancti Spíritus, Cuba. 2Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. 3Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Plants and Crops, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, Belgium. 4Sancti Spíritus Uni
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