Embryological Lateral Striate Artery Variants
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REVIEW ARTICLE
Embryological Lateral Striate Artery Variants Revised Concept of Recurrent Artery of Heubner, the Perforators to the Anterior Perforated Substance and Middle Cerebral Artery Variants Takahiro Ota1
· Masaki Komiyama2
Received: 14 August 2020 / Accepted: 4 November 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Purpose The anterior perforating arteries are a group of arteries that enter the brain through the anterior perforated substance (APS). Because the lenticulostriate artery, the recurrent artery of Heubner (RAH) and the perforators from A1 of anterior cerebral artery (ACA) penetrate the APS and supply the basal ganglia, these arteries can be considered as having a common embryological origin. Results During development, the lateral striate arteries are divided from the lateral olfactory artery and divided into the RAH and middle cerebral artery (MCA). The RAH is a fascinating artery for its early development and variations of origin and course. The MCA has also several variations, such as the duplicated MCA, accessory MCA, and fenestration. Conclusion We provide a review of embryologic development and anatomical variations of the RAH, the perforators to the APS and MCA as a group of the lateral striate artery.
Keywords Lateral striate artery · Lateral olfactory artery · Anterior perforated substance · Telencephalon · Embryology
Abbreviations ACA Anterior cerebral artery AChA Anterior choroidal artery APS Anterior perforated substance DMSA Distal medial striate artery FPA Frontopolar artery ICA Internal carotid artery MCA Middle cerebral artery mFBA Medial frontobasal artery PMSA Proximal medial striate artery Pu Putamen POA Primitive olfactory artery RAH Recurrent artery of Heubner
Takahiro Ota
[email protected] 1
Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Tama Medical Center, 2-8-29 Musashi-dai, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8524, Japan
2
Department of Neurointervention, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
Introduction The anterior perforating arteries are a group of arteries that enter the brain through the anterior perforated substance (APS) [1]. These arteries arise from the internal carotid, middle and anterior cerebral and the anterior choroidal arteries. Branches of the internal carotid and anterior choroidal artery enter the posterior half of the central portion of the APS. The lenticulostriate branches, which arise from the M1 and M2 segments, enter the middle and posterior portions of the lateral half of the APS. The A1 segment gives rise to branches which enter the medial half of the APS above the optic nerve and chiasm. The recurrent artery of Heubner (RAH) sends branches into the anterior two thirds of the full mediolateral extent of the APS. The site of penetration in the mediolateral direction is determined by a line drawn posteriorly along the olfactory tract. The site of penetration of each group of arteries is also determined in an anteroposterior direction, by dividing the APS into anterior, middle, and posterior zones, and determining
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