Emerging Plant Diseases: Research Status and Challenges
Plant diseases result in significant crop destruction thereby inadequate food supply and lead to economic and post-harvest losses in the agricultural production sector throughout the world. Early detection of plant diseases and pathogens is important for
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Emerging Plant Diseases: Research Status and Challenges Dipannita Mitra
Abstract
Plant diseases result in significant crop destruction thereby inadequate food supply and lead to economic and post-harvest losses in the agricultural production sector throughout the world. Early detection of plant diseases and pathogens is important for maintaining sustainability for the economy of the agricultural sector. The prevention of plant disease and pathogens during the early stages aids in plant health control and yield improvement. It is also crucial to analyze the disease spread in plants for overcoming the issues related to physiological and biological states in crop protection. This chapter reviews the research status of the various emerging plant diseases responsible for a large amount of crop destruction every year all over the world and the challenges that the agricultural sector face to overcome this problem. Keywords
Plant pathogen disease · Symptomatic stage · Remote sensing · Flow cytometry
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Introduction
Agriculture plays a dominant part in the worldwide economy and is the main source of food, fiber, fuel, timber, income, and employment, thus maintaining socioeconomic stability. The major threat to agriculture is nationwide crop losses due to pathogen-induced plant diseases, which is considered to be a primary challenge for the whole scientific community. The branch of plant pathology thus largely focuses D. Mitra (*) Department of Cellular Coordination, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), Sachsen Anhalt, Germany Bad Waldsee, Baden Württemberg, Germany # Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021 K. P. Singh et al. (eds.), Emerging Trends in Plant Pathology, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6275-4_1
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on increasing the fundamental understanding of host-pathogen interactions to detect plant diseases and mitigate crop losses and enhance the total agricultural yield. It was estimated in 1994 that worldwide crop losses due to plant diseases ranged from 9.7 to 14.2% of the total yield; the figure is different in modern days due to the emergence of new pesticides with a varied target range (Zadoks 1996). But, the ability of these target pathogens to gradually develop resistance to frequently used pesticides has allowed diseases to remain persistent and is proving to be a big threat in today’s world (Strange and Scott 2005). A recent article in the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations reported that there has been a loss of about 20 to 40% of the global crop production due to pest infestations. “Each year, plant diseases cost the economy around $220 billion and the invasive pathogen around US$70 billion” as per the FAO reports. This huge amount of losses deprives more than 800 million of the total worldwide population of adequate consumable food (http://www.fao.org/news/story/en/item/1187738/icode/). The fact that plant pathologists should be concerned with the need to minimize losses due to endemic diseases correlates with the introduction of new foreign pa
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