Emotion Malleability Beliefs and Emotion Experience and Regulation in the Daily Lives of People with High Trait Social A
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Emotion Malleability Beliefs and Emotion Experience and Regulation in the Daily Lives of People with High Trait Social Anxiety Katharine E. Daniel1 · Fallon R. Goodman2 · Miranda L. Beltzer1 · Alexander R. Daros1 · Mehdi Boukhechba3 · Laura E. Barnes3 · Bethany A. Teachman1
© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Background The extent to which a person believes they can change or control their own emotions is associated with traitlevel symptoms of mood and anxiety-related psychopathology. Method The present study examined how this belief relates to momentary and daily self-reports of affect, emotion regulation tendencies, and perceived effectiveness of emotion regulation attempts throughout a five-week experience sampling study conducted in N = 113 high socially anxious people (https://osf.io/eprwt/). Results Results suggest that people with relatively stronger beliefs that their emotions are malleable experienced more momentary and daily positive affect (relative to negative affect), even after controlling for social anxiety symptom severity (although only daily positive affect, and not momentary positive affect, remained significant after correcting for false discovery rate). However, emotion malleability beliefs were not uniquely associated with other emotion regulation-related outcomes in daily life, despite theory suggesting malleability beliefs influence motivation to engage in emotion regulation. Conclusion The paucity of significant associations observed between trait malleability beliefs and momentary and daily self-reports of emotion regulation (despite consistent findings of such relationships at trait levels) calls for additional research to better understand the complex dynamics of emotion beliefs in daily life. Keywords Social anxiety disorder · Emotion malleability beliefs · Ecological momentary assessment · Affect · Emotion regulation
Introduction People differ in the extent to which they view certain selfattributes as malleable versus fixed (termed growth and fixed mindsets, respectively; Dweck 1999). This individual difference was initially studied in the areas of intelligence and academic achievement (Dweck et al. 1995) and has Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-020-10139-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Katharine E. Daniel [email protected] 1
Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
2
University of South Florida, Tampa, USA
3
Department of Engineering Systems and Environment, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
since been examined across a range of personal attributes, including personality traits (Dweck 2008), morality (Haselhuhn et al. 2010) and, as explored in the present study, emotion (Tamir et al. 2007; Tamir and Mauss 2011). Further, recent meta-analyses suggest that fixed mindsets may pose considerable mental health risks (e.g., increased negative affec
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