Trait Mindfulness and Emotion Regulation upon Autobiographical Memory Retrieval during Depression Remission
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Trait Mindfulness and Emotion Regulation upon Autobiographical Memory Retrieval during Depression Remission Aleksandra Eriksen Isham 1
&
Adriana del Palacio-Gonzalez 2,3
&
Barbara Dritschel 1
# The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Objectives Depression is associated with both emotion dysregulation upon retrieval of autobiographical memories and low trait mindfulness. The present study raised the question of whether these processes are related to each other and whether they may reflect a cognitive-affective vulnerability in individuals at risk of depression. The study examined emotion regulation in response to involuntary and voluntary autobiographical memories during depression remission and explored how trait mindfulness relates to such emotion regulation. Methods The study employed a naturalistic design in which individuals with remitted depression (n = 35) and individuals with no history of depression (n = 32) completed a trait mindfulness measure and a structured memory diary where they rated state use of five emotion regulation strategies upon involuntary and voluntary autobiographical memory retrieval. Results Individuals with remitted depression reported heightened brooding in response to autobiographical memories when memory retrieval occurred involuntarily, and trait mindfulness was low. Depression remission and higher trait mindfulness were independently associated with greater cognitive reappraisal efforts upon involuntary retrieval of autobiographical memories. Higher trait mindfulness predicted less memory suppression, irrespective of depression history and memory retrieval mode. Conclusions The findings suggest a vulnerability in emotional processing of autobiographical memories during depression remission that is dependent on mindfulness skill level and how memories come to mind. Keywords Mindfulness . State emotion regulation . Depression . Autobiographical memory . Naturalistic
Depression is associated with altered emotional processing of autobiographical memories. For example, individuals with acute dysphoria or depression show a bias towards retrieving negative autobiographical memories and report more intense negative emotions (i.e. fear, anger, and sadness) upon autobiographical memory retrieval, compared to individuals without depression (del Palacio-Gonzalez et al. 2017; Watson et al. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-020-01494-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Aleksandra Eriksen Isham [email protected] 1
School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Mary’s Quad, South Street, St Andrews, Scotland KY16 9JP, UK
2
Department of Psychology and Behavioural Sciences, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 11, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
3
Center on Alcohol and Drug Research, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 10, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
2012). Moreover, they display impaired emotion regulation as reflected by heightened rumination, expressive suppression, a
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