Emotion, Truth and Meaning In Defense of Ayer and Stevenson

The aim of this book is to defend the Emotive Theory of Ethics, and, in particular, the versions of that theory proposed by A. J. Ayer in Language, Truth and Logic (1936) and by C. L. Stevenson in Ethics and Language (1944). For those readers who are fami

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LffiRARY OF ETHICS AND APPLIED PHIT..DSOPHY VOLUME 12

Managing Editor: Govert A. den Hartogh, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands

The titles published in this series are listed at the end of this volume.

EMOTION, TRUTH AND MEANING In Defense of Ayer and Stevenson by

COLIN WILKS University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia

....

''

SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V.

A c.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.

ISBN 978-90-481-6138-6 ISBN 978-94-015-9866-8 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-015-9866-8

Printed an acid-free paper

AII Rights Reserved © 2002 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Origina1ly published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 2002 Softcover reprint ofthe hardcover lst edition 2002

No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Special thanks to David Dockrill, Robert Farrell, David O'Brien and John Wright for their proofreading, helpful comments and general support, and to my wife Virginia, and my children Lydia and Jack, for their invaluable support on the home front.

CONTENTS

Abbreviations IX

Introduction xi

1. The Original Emotive Theory 2.

Criticism of the Original Emotive Theory

36

3.

Prescriptivity

79

4.

Universalisability

88

5.

Imagination, Sympathy and Decisions of Principle

6. An Emotive Theory of Moral Psychology 7.

The Psychologically Filled-Out Theory

117 133 174

References

237

Author Index

241

ABBREVIATIONS

AMJ

'On the Analysis of Moral Judgements' by A. J. Ayer (in his Philosophical Essays, Macmillan, London, 1963)

AV

After Virtue by A. C. Macintyre (Second Edition, Duckworth, 1990)

CES

Communication and the Evolution of Society by J. Habermas (Heinemann Press, London, 1979)

EL

Ethics and Language by C. L. Stevenson (Yale University Press, 1950)

ET

Emotive Theory

FM

Freedom and Morality and Other Essays by A. J. Ayer (Oxford, 1984)

FR

Freedom and Reason by R. M. Hare (Oxford, 1963)

FV

Fact and Value by C. L. Stevenson (Yale University Press, 1963)

HC

Hare and Critics edited by D. Seanor and N. Potion (Oxford, 1988)

KHI

Knowledge and Human Interests by J. Habermas (Beacon Press, Boston, 1971)

LC

Legitimation Crisis by J. Habermas (Heinemann, London, 1976)

LM

The Language ofMorals by R. M. Hare (Oxford, 1952)

LTL

Language Truth and Logic by A. J. Ayer (Second Edition, Penguin, 1986)

MCA

Moral Consciousness and Communicative Action by J. Habermas (Polity Press, UK, 1990)

MMP

Modern Moral Philosophy (Second Edition) by W. D. Hudson, Macmillan, 1983)

MSK

Moral Scepticism and Moral Knowledge by R. Bambrough (Routledge and Keagan Paul, London, 1979)

MT

Moral Thinking by R. M. Hare (Oxford, 1981)

R