Emulating homeoplasticity phenomena with organic electrochemical devices
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Research Letter
Emulating homeoplasticity phenomena with organic electrochemical devices Dimitrios A. Koutsouras*, George G. Malliaras†, and Paschalis Gkoupidenis*, Department of Bioelectronics, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines, CMP-EMSE, MOC, Gardanne 13541, France Address all correspondence to Paschalis Gkoupidenis at [email protected] (Received 13 January 2018; accepted 26 March 2018)
Abstract Biologic neural networks are immersed in common electrolyte environment, and homeoplasticity or global factors of this environment are forcing specific normalization functions that regulate the overall network behavior. In this work, a common electrolyte is used to gate a grid of organic electrochemical devices. The electrolyte functions as a global parameter that controls collectively the device grid. Statistical analysis of the grid and the subsequent definition of global metrics reveal that the grid behaves similarly to a single device. This global control modulates the gain of the device grid, a phenomenon analog to multiplicative scaling in biologic networks. This work demonstrates the potential use of electrolytes as homeostatic media in neuromorphic device architectures.
Introduction Hardware-based, neuro-inspired information processing offers efficient ways of data manipulation well beyond traditional von-Neumann architectural paradigms. The basic neural information processing and neuroplasticity functions were mimicked over the past years with solid-state microelectronic devices. Functions such as neural potentiation and depression, spike time-dependent plasticity, and short-term to long-term memory transition were implemented at a single device level.[1–4] Over the past years, organic materials have also entered the realm of neuromorphic devices.[5, 6] Recently, the rise of organic bioelectronics has made available various devices for interfacing with living systems,[7–9] with the organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) being the benchmark device of the field.[10, 11] Apart from bioelectronicsrelated applications, OECTs also offer attractive characteristics suitable for the implementation of neuro-inspired devices, including low-power consumption, the ability to operate in the electrolyte or biologic environment, and their potential integration in flexible and stretchable substrates. Neuro-inspired paradigms of information processing have been recently demonstrated with OECTs, including various forms of neuroplasticity and spatially correlated functions.[12–15] The operation of OECTs in electrolytes can lead to novel features suitable for neuromorphic architectures.[16] More specifically, a
* Present address: Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz 55128, Germany † Present address: Department of Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Cambridge, Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, UK
shared electrolyte for an array of OECTs permits the device-to-device communication through the electrolyte, as well as the array control with a global electrode.
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