A novel method for graphene synthesis via electrochemical process and its utilization in organic photovoltaic devices
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A novel method for graphene synthesis via electrochemical process and its utilization in organic photovoltaic devices Kuray Dericiler1 · Hamed Moeini Alishah2 · Sinem Bozar2 · Serap Güneş2 · Figen Kaya3 Received: 7 July 2020 / Accepted: 18 October 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Graphene nanosheets have been prepared from fine graphite powders by a novel electrochemical exfoliation method using non-volatile sulfate salts. This new method utilizes a stainless steel wire cage and platinum wire electrodes to exfoliate prepelleted graphite powders into graphene sheets. Synthesized graphene samples have been characterized by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), Raman spectroscopy, and Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The obtained supernatant shows a stable suspension in DMF. This suspension was then used in organic solar cells (OSCs) as an additive to poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS). Organic solar cells have been prepared using Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) as the transparent conducting oxide, PEDOT:PSS-Graphene as the hole transport layer (HTL), Poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl:[6,6]-Phenyl-C60-butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PCBM) as the active layer and Aluminum as the cathode, in ITO/PEDOT:PSS-Graphene/P3HT:PCBM/Al configuration. The photovoltaic cell prepared with graphene as an additive inside PEDOT:PSS exhibited over 66% improvement compared to the reference cells employing pure PEDOT:PSS. Keywords Graphene · Electrochemical · Synthesis · Organic · Solar · Photovoltaic
1 Introduction Graphene, thanks to its unique 2D hexagonal honeycomb lattice structure comprising carbon atoms making sp2 hybridization, shows great mechanical strength of ~ 1100 GPa, very high intrinsic carrier mobility of ~ 200,000 cm2/Vs, excellent thermal conductivity of ~ 5000 W/mK, near-perfect transparency in visible light (~ 97.7%) and consequently attracted the interest of numerous researchers since its discovery in 2004 by Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov [1–3]. This variety of astonishing features resulted in various areas of * Kuray Dericiler [email protected] 1
Department of Materials Science and Nano Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabancı University, 34956 Tuzla, İstanbul, Turkey
2
Department of Physics, Davutpasa Campus, Faculty of Arts and Science, Yıldız Technical University, 34210 Esenler, İstanbul, Turkey
3
Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Davutpasa Campus, Faculty of Chemistry and Metallurgy, Yıldız Technical University, 34210 Esenler, İstanbul, Turkey
application for graphene, involving but not limited to liquid crystal device electrodes [4], pseudocapacitors [5], catalysis [6], transistors [7], electrochemical and biosensors [8], polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) and direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC) [9, 10], batteries [11, 12], transmission electron microscopy sample supports [13], hydrogen storage [14] and photovoltaic devices [15–18]. To
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