Endothelial Cell Adhesion on Highly Controllable Compared to Random Nanostructured Titanium Surface Features
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0951-E12-29
Endothelial Cell Adhesion on Highly Controllable Compared to Random Nanostructured Titanium Surface Features Jing Lu, and Thomas J. Webster Division of Engineering, Brown University, 182, Hope Street, Providence, RI, 02912
ABSTRACT The application of vascular stents using conventional metals is limited because the implantation process will cause significant injury to the vascular wall and endothelium, resulting in neointima hyperplasia and then the development of long-term restenosis. The objective of this in vitro study was to investigate endothelial cell function (especially their adhesion behavior) on highly controllable nanostructured surface features. Considering the importance of the endothelium and its properties, highly controllable nanostructured surface features of titanium (a popular vascular stent metal) were created using E-beam evaporation to promote endothelialization and to control the direction of endothelial cells on vascular stents. Endothelial cells are aligned with blood flow naturally in the body. In this manner, the present in vitro study provides much promise for the use of nanotechnology for improving metals for vascular stent applications. INTRODUCTION Atherosclerosis, which is caused by endothelial dysfunction, vascular inflammation, and the build-up of lipids, cholesterol, calcium, and cellular debris within the intima of the vessel wall, is one of the most important complications of health. Approximately 58 million people have been [1]
affected with this disease . Vascular stenting is the procedure of implanting a thin tube into the site of a narrow or blocked artery due to atherosclerosis. It has been proven to be superior to balloon angioplasty in most types of coronary lesions and is currently the most frequently performed percutaneous coronary intervention for the treatment of coronary artery disease. Metals (including titanium, stainless, nitinol and CoCr alloys) have been widely used as vascular stents. However, the application of vascular stents using conventional metals (or those with micron grain sizes which are smooth at the nanometer level) is limited because the implantation process will cause significant injury to the vascular wall and endothelium, which functions as a protective biocompatible barrier between tissue and circulating blood. It is for these reasons that numerous studies focus on methods to accelerate the endothelialization (or coverage by endothelial cells) of stents. Since the repair of the disrupted endothelium involves both the migration of surrounding mature endothelial cells into the injured area and the attraction of circulating immature cells called endothelial progenitor cells to the site, which then differentiate into endothelial-like cells, investigators are modifying traditional metals used as vascular stents [2]
by coating them with antiproliferative agents such as silicon carbide , expanded[3]
[4]
polytetrafluoroethlyene , tantalum and hyaluronan and stents.
[5]
to improve interactions between cells
But these coatings may be d
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