Nanostructured surface coatings for titanium alloy implants
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Nanostructured surface coatings for titanium alloy implants Guy Louarn1,a)
, Laetitia Salou2, Alain Hoornaert3, Pierre Layrolle4
1
Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel (IMN), CNRS, University of Nantes, Nantes 44300, France Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel (IMN), CNRS, University of Nantes, Nantes 44300, France; and Phys-Os, Faculty of Medicine, INSERM, University of Nantes, Nantes 44000, France 3 Department of Oral Implantology, CHU Nantes, Nantes, Nantes 44000, France 4 Phys-Os, Faculty of Medicine, INSERM, University of Nantes, Nantes 44000, France a) Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected] 2
Received: 1 November 2018; accepted: 22 January 2019
Surface properties of titanium implants are key factors for rapid and stable bone tissue integration. So, in order to promote the osseointegration of implants, various surface treatments have been proposed. The objective of these surface treatments is to improve protein adsorption, cell adhesion and differentiation, and consequently, the tissue integration of titanium implants. In this paper, we propose to describe and compare the different strategies available in the literature to produce micro- and nanostructured surfaces on titanium, especially the recent results using electrochemical anodization. Anodization is a cost-effective process that produces nanostructures based on the electrolytic growth of columnar titanium oxide layers. By mastering the electrolyte composition and voltage, a regular array of pores with controlled diameters ranging from 15 to 200 nm are easily produced. Then we will present the latest results on the osteointegration of the surface composed anodized titania nanotubes.
Introduction Medical implantology is a major challenge for health and is a field enjoying continuous growth. The dynamics of this market are driven by many factors including population aging, new knowledge in pathology treatment and new demands in terms of quality of life requiring more successful medical devices. Titanium is a widely used biomaterial because of its mechanical properties, corrosion resistance and biocompatibility: it does not provoke a rejection reaction. However, titanium is inert, meaning it is then necessary to wait three to six months before obtaining full bone tissue integration around titanium implants. This delay depends on bone quality and other patient conditions. Several works have shown that surface properties such as roughness, wettability, electric charge or chemical composition may modulate adhesion, proliferation and cell differentiation [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]. Since the beginning of the 1980s, studies have focused on titanium and alloy surface treatments as a means of enhancing the osseointegration of metal implants. The initial surface of an implant is usually turned or machined. This
ª Materials Research Society 2019
surface is relatively smooth and only has a few micrometric machining streaks. The polishing process (i.e., electropolishing) makes it possible to reduce the machining traces resulting in polished
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