Energy Detection Performance with Massive Arrays for Personal Radars Applications
The idea to adopt massive arrays for personal radars applications is facing a rapid growth, thanks to the high scanning resolution achievable with the large number of antennas employed. In fact, such multi-antenna systems enable the possibility to detect
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A, LETI, MINATEC Campus, 38054 Grenoble, France {francesco.guidi,antonio.clemente,raffaele.derrico}@cea.fr 2 Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France 3 DEI, University of Bologna, Via Venezia 52, 47521 Cesena, Italy {anna.guerra3,davide.dardari}@unibo.it
Abstract. The idea to adopt massive arrays for personal radars applications is facing a rapid growth, thanks to the high scanning resolution achievable with the large number of antennas employed. In fact, such multi-antenna systems enable the possibility to detect and localize surrounding objects through an accurate beamforming procedure. In this paper we show a classical energy-detection approach for target ranging and localization, where the threshold is designed according to the receiver noise only, since an ideal laser-beam antenna is considered. Successively, we show the ambiguities that could arise when the presence of side-lobes cannot be neglected (e.g., when considering real massive arrays instead of ideal pencil-beam like radiation patterns) and we propose a set of guidelines that can be followed from a system design point-of-view to overcome this issue. Keywords: Massive arrays Side-lobes
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Personal radar
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Target detection
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Introduction
The adoption of massive arrays is facing a rapid growth in several ranging and localization applications, such as personal radars [1], thanks to the possibility to achieve a precise and high-scanning resolution given by the large number of adopted antennas [2]. The concept of personal radar has been recently proposed in [1,3] where it has been shown the possibility to jointly use millimeter-waves (mmW) and wideband massive arrays technologies for indoor environment mapping. Thanks to this technology, it is possible to avoid the adoption of a dedicated very highdirectional antenna with mechanical steering, as proposed in [4–6], which can not be easily integrated into portable radar devices. The consequent near-pencil beam of massive arrays returns a precise angle and range information thus making the modeling and characterization of the environment with personal radars very similar to that based on laser. c ICST Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering 2016 D. Noguet et al. (Eds.): CROWNCOM 2016, LNICST 172, pp. 630–641, 2016. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-40352-6 52
Energy Detection Performance with Massive Arrays
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Different literature has been produced for the analysis of the localization performance of wideband large antenna arrays. In fact, wideband signals are the best candidate to achieve high ranging performance [7], but a strict phase control in beamforming, i.e. the adoption of precise and costly phase shifters and delay lines, becomes necessary to assure a perfect signal alignment. A cheaper and alternative solution is to adopt digitally controlled phase shifters implementing a discrete set of phase shifts at the price of a reduced signal alignment and an increased level of side-lobes [8,9]. Despite the high-ranging accuracy which can be achieved by th
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