Energy Gain from Tehri PSP Due to Adoption of Variable Speed Technology
The use of variable speed machines with voltage source power electronic converters has gained prominence globally in the field of hydro power plant application. The doubly fed asynchronous machine (DFAM) for pump storage plant offers stability over comple
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Energy Gain from Tehri PSP Due to Adoption of Variable Speed Technology L. P. Joshi and Nayan Raturi
19.1 Introduction Electrical energy plays a vital role in the development of country’s economy. In order to ensure sustainable growth with minimum environmental damages, it is imperative that the provisions of Paris Agreement Convention for Climate Change that came into being from 4 November 2016 are followed in true sense. One of the vital conditions of the agreement for holding the increase in global average temperature to well below 2 °C above pre-industrial levels and to take further necessary measures to contain it to 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels shifted the global attention toward renewable energy. However, renewable sources like wind, solar and so on have posed a great challenge for the grid stability by virtue of their highly variable and unpredictable nature. This has shifted the focus of the policy makers toward the development of various energy storage technologies, particularly the pumped storage energy storage plants. The pumped storage plants having fixed speed synchronous machines contribute to about 140 GW in the global capacity. However, fixed speed synchronous machines suffer from the following limitations: i. Power availability in grid for pumping operation ii. Annual variation in dam water head level iii. Grid demand-based variable power generation. These factors severely impact the efficiency of the synchronous machines (Cavazzini and Pérez-Diaz 2014; Lefebvre et al. 2015). The impact on efficiency L. P. Joshi · N. Raturi (B) Design Department, THDC India Ltd, Rishikesh, India e-mail: [email protected] L. P. Joshi e-mail: [email protected] © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021 A. Pandey et al. (eds.), Hydrological Extremes, Water Science and Technology Library 97, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59148-9_19
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has been overcome by the advancement of variable speed asynchronous machines wherein a mapping between speed of turbine and available water head can fetch maximum efficiency (Dean et al. 2010). Synchronous machines equipped with variable speed feature for the rated capacity above 200 MW are not techno-economically viable as the power converters to be employed for such a system require high power rating. Also, the increased physical size of the inverter makes it difficult to accommodate them in underground power houses and in turn results in increased cost. Additionally, the impact on efficiency with respect to speed variation on full range of operation is same as for 10–15% speed of variation (Cavazzini and Pérez-Diaz 2014). These limitations have led to adoption of PSPs with variable speed asynchronous machines worldwide (e.g. some of the PSP based on this technology are employed in Linthal, Switzerland; 2X 400 MW PSP in Ohkawachi, Japan; 2X 390 MW PSP in Frades-II, Portugal). These variable speed machines with greater dynamic stability have the ability to perform t
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