Energy Relations and Policy Making in Asia

This volume goes beyond a conventional analysis of Asia’s energy relationships and explores the premise that energy relations in Asia in the 21st century should reinforce mutual interdependence. Conventional analyses of international energy relations stre

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Energy Relations and Policy Making in Asia

Leo Lester Editor

Energy Relations and Policy Making in Asia

Editor Leo Lester King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center (KAPSARC) Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

ISBN 978-981-10-1093-4 ISBN 978-981-10-1094-1 DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-1094-1

(eBook)

Library of Congress Control Number: 2016946999 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Cover image © philipus / Alamy Stock Photo Printed on acid-free paper This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer Science+Business Media Singapore Pte Ltd.

With thanks to Samantha Gross—KAPSARC Tim Boersma—Brookings Institution Mohammed Elnezi—Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research

FOREWORD

Energy demand and North East Asia are unequivocally connected. Over the course of the last decade, the rise of China has been a particularly important driver of global energy demand—for oil, coal, nuclear, natural gas, and renewable energy. At the same time, the current slump in oil and natural gas prices provides a gentle reminder that sky in fact is not the limit, and slowing demand growth, again particularly in China, forms one of the chief reasons for today’s oversupply. Still, forecasts of institutions like the International Energy Agency suggest that in the coming decades a very significant share of global energy demand growth will come from Asia, even though many important questions remain unanswered as to the accuracy of long-term demand forecasts. By all measures, North East Asia (NEA)—China, Japan, Korea, and Taiwan—will play an important role in that trend, China because of its state of economic development and the rest because they are advanced economies that are almost entirely import dependent. Given their massive and low-cost proven reserves of fossil fuels, in particular oil and natural gas, members of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)— Saudi Arabia