Energy Resources in East Africa Opportunities and Challenges
East African states have historically shared several resources including energy and common heritage of its people. This book provides information on available sources of energy in the region and how the energy suppliers can exploit them in an integrated f
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Herick O. Otieno Joseph L. Awange
Energy Resources in East Africa Opportunities and Challenges
with 52 Figures and 19 Tables
Prof. Herick O. Otieno Maseno University Department of Physics Private Bag Maseno Kenya Email: [email protected] Prof. Dr.-Ing. Joseph L. Awange Department of Spatial Sciences Division of Resources and Environment Curtin University of Technology GPO Box U1987 Perth, WA 6845 Australia Email: [email protected]
Library of Congress Control Number: 2006928829 ISBN-10 ISBN-13
3-540-35666-5 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York 978-3-540-35666-0 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. Springer is a part of Springer Science+Business Media springer.com © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2006 Printed in The Netherlands The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: E. Kirchner, Heidelberg Production: Almas Schimmel Typesetting: camera-ready by authors Printing: Krips bv, Meppel Binding: Stürtz AG, Würzburg Printed on acid-free paper 30/3141/as 5 4 3 2 1 0
The writing of this book could not have succeeded without some sacrifice. This book is dedicated to our wives Mrs. Beatrice Othieno and Mrs. Naomi Awange whose family time was sacrificed. Herick O. Otieno and Joseph L. Awange March 2006
Preface
Assessment of commercial energy sources such as oil products and electricity generation is a straight-forward task. For oil-based fuels, all products enter into the region through known points and are kept in centralized storage facilities where the quantity and quality can be assessed. Consumption can also be accurately determined from the records of daily collections. Similarly, electricity production is easily obtained from generation records. On the other hand, assessment of consumption of biomass fuels is very complicated and in all cases only estimated quantities can be obtained. This is due to the fact that production or re-generation takes a long time and is done by a very large number of people, organizations or institutions, each working independently. The marketing of biomass fuels is also sporadic with highly variant prices. In addition, most of the biomass fuels used by rural households is not obtained through the market but is collected by individuals from different source
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