Energy Science & Technology in China: A Roadmap to 2050

As one of the eighteen field-specific reports comprising the comprehensive scope of the strategic general report of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, this sub-report addresses long-range planning for developing science and technology in the field of e

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Energy Science & Technology in China: A Roadmap to 2050

Chinese Academy of Sciences

Yong Chen Editor

Energy Science & Technology in China: A Roadmap to 2050

With 25 Figures

Editor Yong Chen Guangzhou Branch, CAS 510070, Guangzhou, China E-mail: [email protected]

ISBN 978-7-03-025652-2 Science Press Beijing ISBN 978-3-642-05319-1 e-ISBN 978-3-642-05320-7 Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2009937357 © Science Press Beijing and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2010 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: Frido Steinen-Broo, EStudio Calamar, Spain Printed on acid-free paper Springer is a part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

Not for sale outside the Mainland of China (Not for sale in Hong Kong SAR, Macau SAR, and Taiwan, and all countries, except the Mainland of China)

Editor-in-Chief Yongxiang Lu

Editorial Committee Yongxiang Lu

Chunli Bai

Erwei Shi

Xin Fang

Zhigang Li

Xiaoye Cao

Jiaofeng Pan

Research Group on Energy of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Group Head: Yong Chen Deputy Head: Chuangzhi Wu General Consultant: Luguang Yan Group of Consultant: Luguang Yan Shouxian Fang Jiyang Wang Group Members (In the alphabetical order of Chinese surname): Xinhe Bao

Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS

Guotian Cai

Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, CAS

Yong Chen

Guangzhou Branch, CAS

Shaotao Dai

Institute of Electrical Engineering, CAS

Songyuan Dai

Institute of Plasma Physics, CAS

Shouxian Fang

Institute of High Energy Physics, CAS

Yulie Gong

Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, CAS

Guobiao Gu

Institute of Electrical Engineering, CAS

Li Han

Institute of Electrical Engineering, CAS

Yizhuo Han

Institute of Coal Chemistry, CAS

Ningsheng Huang Guangzhou Branch, CAS Weiguang Huang

Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, CAS

Lucheng Ji

Bureau of Hi-Tech Research and Development, CAS

Fantai Kong

Institute of Plasma Physics, CAS

Jiangang Li

Institute of Plasma Physics, CAS

Jianglin Li

Institute of Electrical Engineering, CAS

Xiaosen Li

Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, CAS

Yaohua Li

Institute of Electrical Engineering, CAS

Longlong Ma

Guangzhou Institute of Energy C