Energy Security and Sustainability: An Overview
Every living entity requires internal energy, derived through biological process, for survival, growth, and sustenance. Human being is an exception in the sense that they need additional energy from external sources to accomplish their quest for excellenc
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Energy Security and Sustainability: An Overview
Abstract Every living entity requires internal energy, derived through biological process, for survival, growth, and sustenance. Human being is an exception in the sense that they need additional energy from external sources to accomplish their quest for excellence. The availability and adequacy of external energy and reliability of its supply whether commercial or non-commercial affect economic productivity, development, and sustenance. The process of global split between energy-rich and energy-poor that started with industrial revolution continues till date and each nation is working relentlessly to ensure secure supply of energy from renewable and nonrenewable sources. Energy indicators are developed, and projections are done to assess future energy scenario and an understanding of complete energy flow and bottlenecks. India has been undergoing transformative changes since independence with population, poverty, and energy as the pivotal challenge. With the passage of every day, India faces the toughest challenge of energizing its economic development through power generation that is highly dependent on imports of oil, gas, solar panel, and wind turbines. With climate-related disasters becoming too intense and frequent, India has no option but to race ahead in replacing dirty fuels with renewables. Keywords Calorie · Joule · Watt · Tons of oil equivalent · BTU · Tons of coal equivalent · Energy security · Energy access · Calorific value · British ton · American ton · Metric ton · Energy indicators
The Quest for Energy: From Carbohydrate to Hydrocarbon and beyond (An illustration)
1700 1740 1780 1820 1860 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 2020 2040 2060 2080 2100 Coal
Oil and Gas
Renewable
© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021 A. Srivastav, Energy Dynamics and Climate Mitigation, Advances in Geographical and Environmental Sciences, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8940-9_1
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1 Energy Security and Sustainability: An Overview
The concept of energy security is of recent origin and has emerged due to high demand for commercial energy consumed for manufacturing goods, providing various services, and for human comfort. Human quest for excellence in knowledge combined with hard work, innovation, perseverance, and dedication has changed the global energy landscape from carbohydrate (wood-based) to hydrocarbon (coal, oil, and gas) economy. Unfortunately, the side effects of hydrocarbon economy have led to many catastrophic phenomena, including ozone hole, pollution of terrestrial and aquatic systems, ocean acidification, and global warming. The industrial revolution that has withstood the test of time so far with external energy derived from nonbiological sources has failed the test of sustainability. Wood dominated the socioeconomic development in Europe until the 1500s and was the most important material for building construction, ships, for cooking and heating, as well as for purification of various metals. Rampant and excess extraction of wood eventually le
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