Energy Sustainability Through Green Energy

This book shares the latest developments and advances in materials and processes involved in the energy generation, transmission, distribution, and storage. Chapters are written by researchers in the energy and materials field.Topics include, but are not

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Atul Sharma Sanjay Kumar Kar Editors

Energy Sustainability Through Green Energy

Green Energy and Technology

More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/8059

Atul Sharma · Sanjay Kumar Kar Editors

Energy Sustainability Through Green Energy

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Editors Atul Sharma Mechanical Engineering Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum ­Technology Rae Bareli India

Sanjay Kumar Kar Department of Management Studies Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum ­Technology Noida India

ISSN  1865-3529 ISSN  1865-3537  (electronic) Green Energy and Technology ISBN 978-81-322-2336-8 ISBN 978-81-322-2337-5  (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-81-322-2337-5 Library of Congress Control Number: 2015934953 Springer New Delhi Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London © Springer India 2015 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper Springer (India) Pvt. Ltd. is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

Foreword

The debate about climate changes due to industrial activity post mid-nineteenth ­century is no more a subject of academic discussions and modelling various ­scenarios. The after-effects of greenhouse gas emissions due to human activity is there for all of us to see manifesting in the form of extreme climatic conditions. In November 2014, it was widely reported in newspapers that all the 50 states of the United States recorded sub-zero temperatures, a never heard before phenomenon. Coupled with such facts another challenge that the world is likely to face by 2030, according to some UN estimates, is the stress nexus of rising demands for water, food and energy. The growing population of the planet, which according to estimates is likely to be around 9 billion by 2050 as against 2 billion during the mid-nineteenth century and aspirations of people leading a reasonably decent lifestyle is putting more and more pressure on the existing congealed resources of our planet. And at the same time, it is also being realized that the days of easy o