Engineered magnetic nanoparticles enhance chlorophyll content and growth of barley through the induction of photosystem
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Engineered magnetic nanoparticles enhance chlorophyll content and growth of barley through the induction of photosystem genes Huseyin Tombuloglu 1 & Yassine Slimani 2 & Guzin Tombuloglu 3 & Thamer Alshammari 1 & Munirah Almessiere 2,4 & Ayşe Demir Korkmaz 5 & Abdulhadi Baykal 6 & Anna Cristina S. Samia 7 Received: 25 March 2020 / Accepted: 10 June 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract This study investigates the impact of an engineered magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) on a crop plant. For this purpose, a sonochemical synthetic approach was utilized in order to dope magnetic elements (Co and Nd) into technologically important iron oxide NPs. After being characterized by using TEM, SEM, and XRD instruments, the MNPs were hydroponically applied to barley plants with varying doses (from 125 to 1000 mg/L) both in germination (4 days) and early growing stages (3 weeks). Physiological responses, as well as expression of photosystem marker genes, were assessed. Compared to the untreated control, MNP treatment enhanced germination rate (~ 31%), tissue growth (8% in roots, 16% in shoots), biomass (~ 21%), and chlorophyll (a, b) (~ 20%), and carotenoids (~ 22%) pigments. In general, plants showed the highest growth enhancement at 125 or 250 mg/L treatment. However, higher doses diminished the growth indices. Compared to the control, the catalase activity was significantly reduced in the leaves (~ 33%, p < 0.005) but stimulated in the roots (~ 46%, p < 0.005). All tested photosystem marker genes (BCA, psbA, and psaA) were overexpressed in MNP-treated leaves than non-treated control. Moreover, the gene expressions were found to be proportionally increased with increasing MNP doses, indicating a positive correlation between MNPs and the photosynthetic machinery, which could contribute to the enhancement of plant growth. Keywords Magnetic nanoparticles . Barley . Chlorophyll . Catalase . Photosystem, gene expression
Introduction Over the past few years, worldwide nanoparticle (NP) production is estimated to have increased from 3 × 105 metric tons in 2016 to 7.3 × 105 metric tons by 2021 (BCC Research 2018).
These nanomaterials are widely used in a variety of applications and then potentially released into the environment. Hence, in recent years, their potential risk to contaminate water resources, agricultural lands, and air raise concerns because of their unknown effects on the environment and health of plant and
Responsible editor: Gangrong Shi Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09693-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Huseyin Tombuloglu [email protected] 1
Department of Genetics Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 34221, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
2
Department of Biophysics, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 34221, D
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