Enhanced Separation of Incinerator Bottom Ash: Composition and Environmental Behaviour of Separated Mineral and Weakly M
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Enhanced Separation of Incinerator Bottom Ash: Composition and Environmental Behaviour of Separated Mineral and Weakly Magnetic Fractions Giulia Costa1 · Alessandra Polettini2 · Raffaella Pomi2 · Riccardo Spagnuolo1 Received: 8 August 2019 / Accepted: 25 May 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract The paper reports an investigation on the compositional characteristics and environmental behaviour of eight fractions deriving from an advanced separation process applied to waste incineration bottom ash to recover ferrous and non-ferrous metals. Specifically, five mineral fractions and three weakly magnetic mixed metal/mineral fractions were analyzed for their physical properties, chemical composition and leaching behaviour in order to assess their recycling potential and estimate the expected environmental impacts. While the mineral fractions were found to contain only small amounts of undesired waste glass fragments, the weakly magnetic materials turned out to be commingled with a consistent portion of mineral components, resulting in a heterogeneous mixture with limited utilization potential. Their bulk and chemical composition as well as leaching properties were strongly affected by the presence of mineral particles associated with molten magnetic metals. The most critical elements with a view to leaching turned out to be, for both the mineral and the weakly magnetic fractions, Sb and Cr, which exceeded the quality standards for inert waste disposal in landfills. Graphic Abstract
Keywords Incinerator bottom ash · Metal leaching · Advanced separation
Statement of Novelty * Alessandra Polettini [email protected] 1
Department of Civil Engineering and Computer Science Engineering, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Roma, Italy
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Roma, Italy
2
The paper reports original data related to the physical/ chemical properties and leaching behaviour of different fractions deriving from a full-scale advanced separation process applied to waste incineration bottom ash. While enhanced recovery of bottom ash has been the subject of several studies investigating the separation yield of ferrous and non-ferrous metals from bottom ash, considerable less
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attention has been devoted so far to the quality, composition and environmental properties of the mineral fractions generated by the separation process. The present study was aimed at filling the existing knowledge gaps on this issue through detailed characterization of eight mineral and mixed mineral + weakly magnetic fractions from a proprietary separation scheme.
Introduction Waste incineration, particularly when coupled with energy recovery, is currently regarded as an important component of integrated waste management. The contribution of waste combustion to the total amount of waste treated has significantly increased in the European Union (EU) over the last decade. On the basis of data from Eurostat and the Italian Env
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